Short report: possible Cryptosporidium muris infection in humans.

Abstract

Abstract. Oocysts of cryptosporidia whose morphology resembled that of Cryptosporidium muris were found in the stool of 2 healthy girls in Surabaya, Indonesia. The oocysts were predominantly oval and measured 7.75 Ϯ 0.17 ϫ 5.55 Ϯ 0.13 m (mean Ϯ SD). The number of oocysts excreted were more than 10 5 per gram of stool. The oocysts were well stained with fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibody to Cryptosporidium. The specimens from both girls containing the oocysts showed a positive result by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for the genus Cryptosporidium, but a negative result by the PCR using primers specific for C. parvum. The 2 girls passed oocysts for 5 and 6 days, respectively. They did not complain of any symptoms during the passage of oocysts. Cryptosporidiosis is an emerging disease that poses a serious threat to the people throughout the world. The gravity of cryptosporidiosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the outbreak of this disease in communities have been reviewed. 1 Asymptomatic infections have also been detected with increased frequency in many

Bacterial and Parasitic Agents of Infectious Diarrhoea in the Era of HIV and AIDS - The Case of a Semi Rural Community in South Africa

“…In India, studies conducted in twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad indicated that children in the age group of six months to one year were the most vulnerable with 14.3% infections compared to 8.2% among children less than five years of age while in Malaysia the prevalence was 7.5% and 33.3% in Egypt (Nagamani et al, 2007;Al-Mekhlafi et al, 2011). It has been demonstrated in some countries such as Mexico (Javier-Enriquez et al, 1997), Brazil (Newman et al, 1999;de Oliveira-Silva et al 2007), and Indonesia (Katsumata et al, 2000;Moyo et al, 2011) that Cryptosporidium transmission in children is usually associated with the rainy season, and waterborne transmission is considered a major route in the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in these areas. Although water contamination with Cryptosporidium has been demonstrated in other parts of South Africa, such research needs to be completed in the Limpopo Province in order to confirm the source of transmission in the region.…”

Cryptosporidiosis in Animals and Man: 1. Taxonomic Classification, Life Cycle, Epidemiology and Zoonotic Importance

“…Cryptosporidium hominis and C. parvum are responsible for the majority of infections in humans (Ryan and Hijjawi, 2015). Excluding C. parvum pig genotype and C. muris, infection with these species have been reported not only in HIV positive individuals but also in immunocompetent children and adults (Katsumata et al, 2000;Morgan et al, 2000a;Xiao et al, 2001Xiao et al, , 2002Morgan-Ryan et al, 2002;Mallon et al, 2003;Palmer et al, 2003). In the US, most human cryptosporidiosis cases are caused by C. hominis (>75%).…”

Cryptosporidium muris: Infectivity and Illness in Healthy Adult Volunteers

“…13,15 The first reported case of C. muris in humans was published in 2000 (Table 1), and since that time, 10 additional C. muris cases have been reported in the literature. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]16,17 Most of these cases were associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and CD4 + T-cell absolute counts of 100/mm 3 . In contrast, two apparently healthy children in Indonesia were reported to have C. muris infection; however, this finding was not confirmed by definitive techniques.…”

“…In contrast, two apparently healthy children in Indonesia were reported to have C. muris infection; however, this finding was not confirmed by definitive techniques. 16 Thus, questions remain regarding the infectivity and clinical manifestations in healthy persons. To date, no outbreak of human cryptosporidiosis has been linked to C. muris.…”