Short version of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI–short) with and without the Future-Negative scale, verified on nationally representative samples

Abstract

Aim: The ''time perspective'' becomes increasingly relevant in psychological assessment, but time constraints sometimes prevent the use of the popular Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in its full extent. This study focuses on short versions (ZTPI-short), comprising 3 items for each scale, 15 items in total (18 when Future-Negative is added). Objectives included testing the psychometric properties of the abbreviated ZTPI and optional balancing of the Future scale with its negative counterpart. Method: Two modifications were used, the five-scale form, structurally corresponding to the original ZTPI (Past-Negative, Past-Positive, Present-! The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Downloaded from Hedonistic, Present-Fatalistic, and Future scales), and a six-scale adaptation with a Future-Negative scale added. Both versions were verified on nationally representative samples in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (N ¼ 2068). Results: Psychometric properties proved to be good with or without the Future-Negative scale as corroborated by adequate scale distribution, by consistency (Cronbach's alpha), reliability between short and long versions, validity of short and long versions with respect to the sociodemographic profile, by results of structural equation modeling confirming international invariance in a comparative multigroup perspective as well as good fit (confirmatory factor analysis) of five-and six-factor model for the Czech and Slovak ZTPI-short (separately or with a pooled sample). The five-scale ZTPI-short had a slightly better model fit than the six-scale version, the Future-Negative scale correlated strongly with the Past-Negative scale. Conclusion: The ZTPI-short is a quality instrument for assessing time perspective and can be recommended for further use.

The Less is More: The 17-Item Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory

“…The inventory has good convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity . Due to its utility, ZTPI has been validated in several countries (see Table 1), such as in Italy (D'Alessio et al 2003), France (Apostolidis and Fieulaine 2004; Fieulaine N, Apostolidis T and Zimbardo PG, Development and validation of a short form of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, unpublished), Mexico (Corral-Verdugo et al 2006), Spain (Diaz-Morales 2006, Czech Republic and Slovakia (Košťál et al 2015), Brazil (Milfont et al 2008), Latvia and Russia (Kolesovs 2004(Kolesovs , 2009, Lithuania (Liniauskaite and Kairys 2009), Estonia (Seema and Sircova 2013), Israel (Orkibi 2014), United Kingdom (Boniwell et al 2010;McKay et al 2015); Taiwan (Gao 2011), Australia (McKay et al 2015, Sweden (Carelli et al 2011) and Greece (Anagnostopoulos and Griva 2012). Furthermore, a large cross-cultural analysis was also carried out in which the factor structure was examined on the basis of the data from 24 countries (Sircova et al 2014).…”

How have we, do we, and will we measure time perspective? A review of methodological and measurement issues

“…Testing the addition of the future‐negative dimension, Košťál, Klicperová‐Baker, Lukavská, and Lukavský () expanded the short version of the ZTPI (three items per factor). In both Czech and Slovakian samples, the short ZTPI demonstrated better fit with and without the future‐negative dimension than previous comparative fit reports of the original English, Czech, and Swedish long versions.…”

Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory: Adaptation for high-schol students from Buenos Aires

“…Otros estudios reunieron datos en 24 países y hallaron los mismos resultados (Sircova et al, 2014). El número de ítems en dichas versiones presentó variaciones menores en función de la decisión de los investigadores de permitir, o no, cargas dobles en Estonia (Seema & Sircova, 2013), Israel (OrikiBi, 2014) y Republica Checa (Kostal, Klicperová-Baker, Lukavská & Lukavsky, 2015) se trabajó con versiones reducidas del instrumento, en donde se encontraron nuevamente cinco factores.…”

“…Tras efectuar las adaptaciones lingüísticas mediante el procedimiento de juicio experto y la administración piloto, se aisló una estructura temporal de cuatro dimensiones, las cuáles se corresponden con las de pasado negativo, presente hedonista, presente fatalista y futuro elaboradas se hallaron cinco dimensiones (e.g., Anagnostopoulos & Griva; Apostolidis & Fieulaine, 2004;Díaz-Morales, 2006;Kostal et al, 2015;Leite & Pascuali, 2008;Liniauskaite & Kairys, 2009;Milfont et al, 2008;Ortuño & Gamboa, 2009;Seema & Sircova, 2013;Shimojima et al, 2012;Orikbi, 2015;Oyanadel et al, 2014). Cabe hipotetizar que estas diferencias de estructuras se basan en tres aspectos.…”

“…En segundo término, debe considerarse que los mencionados trabajos fueron realizados con estudiantes universitarios y adultos -solamente la versión israelí incluyó estudiantes de nivel medio-. Por último, se emplearon distintas metodologías -ya que en dichos trabajos las investigaciones que añadieron escalas para evaluar futuro negativo (Carell et al, 2011) y positivo (Kostal et al, 2015). Los resultados aquí hallados guardan mayor correspondencia con la versión italiana (D´Alessio et al, 2003) en la que los factores que evalúan pasado fueron eliminados; así como con la mexicana (Corral-Verdugo et al, 2006), en la que se detectaron 3-pasado, presente, futuro-.…”