Shorter sprints elicit greater cardiorespiratory and mechanical responses with less fatigue during time-matched sprint interval training (SIT) sessions

Benítez-Flores, Stefano; Sousa, Arilson Fernandes Mendonça de; Totó, Erick Carlos da Cunha; Rosa, Thiago Santos; Rosso, Sebastián Del; Foster, Carl; Boullosa, Daniel

doi:10.26582/k.50.2.13

Cited by 24 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Can exercise be modulated to make it more rewarding, and thus result in greater “wants”? Exercise can be modified to increase enjoyment by focusing on preferences ( Stults-Kolehmainen et al, 2013 ; Busch et al, 2016 ) or reduce punishing aspects of exercise, like avoiding eccentric contractions ( Kerksick et al, 2009 ) or excessive buildup of lactate and fatigue (e.g., minimized with sprint interval training – SIT) ( Benitez Flores et al, 2018 ; de Sousa et al, 2018 ). It is likely important to avoid sudden, large increases in novel physical activities that result in excessive muscle damage and soreness, which are associated with decreases in physical activity ( Proske, 2005 ; Stults-Kolehmainen et al, 2014 ) and negative shifts in mood ( O’Connor et al, 1991 ; Stults-Kolehmainen and Bartholomew, 2012 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting, and Craving

et al. 2020

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To better explain daily fluctuations in physical activity and sedentary behavior, investigations of motivation are turning from social cognitive frameworks to those centered on affect, emotion and automaticity, such as the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF), Integrated Framework and Affective-Reflective Theory (ART). This shift has necessitated: (a) re-examination of older theories and their constructs, such as drives, needs and tensions and (b) an inspection of competing theories from other fields that also attempt to explain dynamic changes in health behaviors. The Dynamical Model of Desire, Elaborated Intrusion Theory and others commonly share with AHBF the idea that human behavior is driven strongly by desires and/or the similar concepts of wants, urges, and cravings. These affectively-charged motivation states (ACMS) change quickly and may better explain physical activity behavior from one moment to the next. Desires for movement predominantly derive from negative but also positive reinforcement. Data from clinical populations with movement dysfunction or psychiatric disorders provides further evidence of these drivers of movement. Those with Restless Legs Syndrome, akathisia, tic disorders and exercise dependence all report strong urges to move and relief when it is accomplished. Motor control research has identified centers of the brain responsible for wants and urges for muscular movement. Models elaborated herein differentiate between wants, desires, urges and cravings. The WANT model (Wants and Aversions for Neuromuscular Tasks) conceptualizes desires for movement and rest as varying by magnitude, approach or avoidance-orientation (wants versus aversions) and as occupying independent dimensions instead of opposite ends of the same axis. For instance, one hypothetically might be in a state of both high desire for movement and rest simultaneously. Variations in motivation states to move and rest may also be associated with various stress states, like freezing or fight and flight. The first validated instrument to measure feelings of desire/want for movement and rest, the CRAVE

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting, and Craving

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, our protocols showed a lesser blood lactate accumulation than a remarkable number of previous designs that applied SIT or HIIT [ 11 ]. Overall, reduced durations of effort, regardless of the exercise modality used (i.e., cycling or running), seem to rely more on oxidative metabolism with less dependence on glycolytic metabolism, attenuating the residual fatigue [ 12 , 13 , 19 , 34 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During each session, HR was instantaneously monitored and feedback was provided so that the subjects maintained the target intensity. Previously, our group identified that HR was equal to ~90% HR max in response to a very similar modified SIT protocol as the one used in the current study [ 19 ]. During SIT, participants were instructed to run as fast as they could for 5 s. After every repetition of HIIT and SIT, passive pauses were used to facilitate recovery [ 11 ], and then participants were warned by a sound signal to run in the opposite direction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Psychological Responses to Three Distinct Exercise Training Regimens Performed in an Outdoor Setting: Acute and Delayed Response

Benítez-Flores

Magallanes

Alberton

et al. 2021

JFMK

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The aim of this study was to compare the acute responses to three time-matched exercise regimens. Ten trained adults (age, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and body mass index (BMI) = 25.9 ± 5.6 yr, 50.9 ± 5.4 mL·kg−1·min−1, and 22.1 ± 1.8 kg·m−2) completed sprint interval training (SIT) requiring 14 × 5 s efforts with 35 s of recovery, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of 18 × 15 s efforts at ~90% of peak heart rate (HRpeak) with 15 s of recovery, and vigorous continuous training (CT) consisting of 8.75 min at ~85 %HRpeak, in randomized order. Heart rate, blood lactate concentration, rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment were monitored. Moreover, indices of neuromuscular function, autonomic balance, diet, mental stress, incidental physical activity (PA), and sleep were measured 24 h after each session to analyze the magnitude of recovery. Both HIIT and CT exhibited a greater %HRpeak and time ≥ 90 %HRpeak than SIT (p < 0.05). Blood lactate and rating of perceived exertion were higher in response to SIT and HIIT vs. CT (p < 0.05); however, there were no differences in enjoyment (p > 0.05). No differences were exhibited in any variable assessed along 24 h post-exercise between conditions (p > 0.05). These data suggest that HIIT and CT accumulate the longest duration at near maximal intensities, which is considered a key factor to enhance VO2max.

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“…Can exercise be modulated to make it more rewarding, and thus result in greater "wants"? Exercise can be modified to increase enjoyment by focusing on preferences (148,149) or reduce punishing aspects of exercise, like avoiding eccentric contractions (150) or excessive buildup of lactate and fatigue (e.g., minimized with sprint interval training -SIT) (151,152). It is likely important to avoid sudden, large increases in novel physical activities that result in excessive muscle damage and soreness, which are associated with decreases in physical activity (153,154) and negative shifts in mood (155,156).…”

Section: Practical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting and Craving

Stults‐Kolehmainen¹,

Blacutt²,

Bartholomew³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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To better explain daily fluctuations in physical activity and sedentary behavior, investigations of motivation are turning from cognitive-based theories, such as Self-Determination Theory, to those centered on affect and emotion, such as the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF) and Affective-Reflective Theory (ART). This shift necessitates: a) a re-examination of older frameworks to understand ill-defined concepts, such as the action impulse and tensions and b) an inspection of competing theories from other fields that also attempt to explain dynamic changes in other health behaviors. The Dynamical Model of Desire and Elaborated Intrusion Theory commonly share with AHBF the idea that human behavior is driven strongly by desires and/or the similar concepts of wants, urges and cravings. These affectively charged motivational states change quickly and may better explain physical activity behavior from one moment to the next. Data from clinical populations with movement dysfunction or psychiatric disorders provides further evidence of these drivers of movement. Those with Restless Legs Syndrome, Akathisia, tic disorders and exercise dependence all report strong urges to move and relief when it is accomplished. Motor control research has identified centers of the brain responsible for wants and urges, mainly it seems that the inferior parietal lobule is mainly responsible for “wanting to move” while the “mesial precentral area” is responsible for the “urge to move”. Models elaborated herein differentiate between wants, desires and urges. They also conceptualize desires for movement and rest as varying by intensity, approach-orientation and as occupying independent dimensions as opposed to opposite ends of the same axis. For instance, one hypothetically might be in a state of both high desire for move and rest simultaneously. Variations in move and rest may also be associated with various stress states, like freezing or fight and flight. The first validated instrument to measure feelings of desire/want for movement and rest, the CRAVE Scale (Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure) is in the current section of this special issue. With these advances in theory, conceptual modelling and instrumentation, future investigations may explore the effects of desires and urges for movement and sedentary behavior in earnest.

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Shorter sprints elicit greater cardiorespiratory and mechanical responses with less fatigue during time-matched sprint interval training (SIT) sessions

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting, and Craving

Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting, and Craving

Physiological and Psychological Responses to Three Distinct Exercise Training Regimens Performed in an Outdoor Setting: Acute and Delayed Response

Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting and Craving

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