In response to the problems in the signal identification of radiation sources during the communication process, the bispectral quadratic feature model is applied to the identification algorithm for communication signals. According to the signal eigenvalues obtained from the bispectrum of the diagonal slices in the radiation source signals, the eigenvalues of the bispectrum diagonal slices can be extended from the frequency domain to the complex plane through the chirp-z operation in this paper, and the relevant data are obtained based on the bispectrum quadratic feature model of the signals by using the separation rules corresponding to the extended Babbitt distance. The bispectral quadratic feature model method is used to establish a sparse observation model, and the communication signal processing problem can be transformed into an estimation problem of signal motion parameters through the construction of a parametric database. At the same time, the high-resolution distance of communication signals is tested, and the communication signals are estimated by using the variational inference method. Finally, practical cases are analyzed, and the results indicate that the algorithm proposed in this paper can be used to identify different types of communication signals in accordance with simulated and measured data in the processing of communication signals in various environments, which has the certain anti-interference capacity to noise, can improve the identification rate of communication signals, and has verified the effectiveness and practicality of the algorithm proposed in this paper.