We have synthesized and fully characterized by fast-atom-bombardment-mass, NMR and ultraviolet spectroscopies the vasopressin antagonist 3-azidophenylpropionyl-~-Tyr(Me)-Phe-Gln-Asn-Arg-Pro-ArgTyr(31)-NH2. Easily radioiodinatable just before use, it has a high affinity for the natural rat liver V,, receptor [dissociation constant (Kd) = 54 2 20 pM; Carnazzi, E., Aumelas, A., Barberis, C., Guillon, G. & Seyer, R. (1994) J. Med. Chem. 37, 1841-18491 and for both the rat vasopressin V,, receptor expressed in Sixx.iopteru frugiperdu 9 cells (Sf9 cells, Kd = 688 i 35 pM) and in COS-7 cells (Kd = 320 2 20 pM). This probe labels specifically the V,, receptors in an ultraviolet-dependent manner, and binds covalently to about 12% of the receptors with high stability over several days, even in dissociation or solubilization conditions. SDS/PAGE studies and autoradiographic analyses of the photolabeled receptors reveal a single band (49.5 kDa) and two bands (63 kDa and 93.6 kDa) for receptor-probe associations obtained in Sf9 and COS-7 cells respectively. These molecular masses are consistent with non-glycosylated and highly glycosylated forms of the receptor, according to each expression system. In rat liver membranes, we have identified apparent molecular masses of about 32, 45 and more than 67 kDa. We finally demonstrated a proteolysis of the receptor that appeared to be Znz+ and leupeptin sensitive. The high potency of this ligand is promising for the monitoring of the purification of the V,, receptor and for mapping its antagonist-binding site.Keywords: photoaffinity ; vasopressin; antagonist; receptor; proteolysis.Vasopressin and oxytocin are two neurohypophyseal hormones that exert a wide range of physiological effects upon binding to different guanine-nucleotide-binding-regulatory(G)-protein-coupled receptor subtypes (Jard, 1983). More than a dozen of these oxytocin and vasopressin receptor subtypes have been cloned in several species, among which the vasopressin V,, subtype cloned in the rat (Morel et al., 1992;Innamorati et al., 1995), the sheep (Hutchins et al., 1995) and the human (Thibonnier et al., 1994). One of the most recently cloned members of this family is the mesotocin receptor, described by Akhundova et al. (1996). These receptors are able to specifically bind the natural hormones or synthetic peptide analogues by distinguishing subtle structural differences in their sequence (Akhundova et al., 1996). In addition, numerous agonist and antagonist ligands have been described over 40 years for this receptor family (Manning and Sawyer, 1993). Thus, these membrane proteins represent a good model for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in hormone-receptor interactions.The analysis of the hydrophobicity profile of these receptor sequences confirms that they belong to the seven-transmembrane-domain receptor family. The comparison of the amino acid composition of all the known members of this family has revealed the presence of conserved residues and led to some structure/activity presumptions. A...