Significance of Sonographic Subcentimeter, Subpleural Consolidations in Pediatric Patients Evaluated for Pneumonia

Gravel, Cynthia A.; Neuman, Mark I.; Monuteaux, Michael C.; Neal, Jeffrey T.; Miller, Andrew F.; Bachur, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.052

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…42 However, most studies evaluating point-of-care ultrasound use in the emergency department only included pediatric emergency medicine providers with special training in ultrasonography. 43,44 The accuracy of lung ultrasound in the hands of unskilled sonographers remains unknown. Moreover, studies assessing clinical outcomes for children with CAP identified with lung ultrasound are lacking, but may help inform its potential utility in the evaluation of children with suspected CAP.…”

Section: Lung Ultrasound For Cap In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 41 The findings from a meta-analysis of 5 studies evaluating the test characteristics of lung ultrasound for CAP in children in the hands of skilled sonographers demonstrated a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 93% with chest radiograph used as the reference standard 42 . However, most studies evaluating point-of-care ultrasound use in the emergency department only included pediatric emergency medicine providers with special training in ultrasonography 43,44 . The accuracy of lung ultrasound in the hands of unskilled sonographers remains unknown.…”

Section: Introduction and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

Rees,

Kuppermann,

Florin

2023

Pediatr Emer Care

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common cause of childhood mortality globally. In the United States, CAP is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalization and antibiotic use and is associated with substantial morbidity. There has been a dramatic shift in microbiological etiologies for CAP in children over time as pneumococcal pneumonia has become less common and viral etiologies have become predominant. There is no commonly agreed on approach to the diagnosis of CAP in children. When indicated, antimicrobial treatment should consist of narrow-spectrum antibiotics. In this article, we will describe the current understanding of the microbiological etiologies, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, risk factors, treatment, and future directions in the diagnosis and management of pediatric CAP.

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Section: Lung Ultrasound For Cap In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

Rees,

Kuppermann,

Florin

2023

Pediatr Emer Care

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“…It may guide respiratory management decisions such as ventilation and the need for ICU-level care. 32 Scanning Technique: For diaphragmatic ultrasound, the phased array or curvilinear probe can be used to assess diaphragmatic excursion and thickness in the subcostal view, with the probe placed in the mid-clavicular line. The linear probe can be used to assess diaphragm thickness in the midaxillary view (Figure 6).…”

Section: Ultrasound Of the Diaphragmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may guide respiratory management decisions such as ventilation and the need for ICU-level care. 32 …”

Section: Applications Of Point-of-care Lung Ultrasoundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasonography: A Narrative Review

Rizvi

Rabiner

2022

WestJEM

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Point-of-care lung ultrasonography is an evidence-based application that may play a vital role in the care of critically ill pediatric patients. Lung ultrasonography has the advantage of being available at the patient’s bedside with results superior to chest radiography and comparable to chest computed tomography for most lung pathologies. It has a steep learning curve. It can be readily performed in both advanced healthcare systems and resource-scarce settings. The purpose of this review is to discuss the basic principles of lung ultrasonography and its applications in the evaluation and treatment of critically ill pediatric patients.

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“…Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the prime component of endotoxin, and is considered as the most important pathogen leading to lung inflammation and sepsis. 5 LPS activates a large number of inflammatory cells and induces pneumonia through a variety of signaling pathways. Therefore, developing new drugs to combat pneumonia in children is urgently required.…”

Section: Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent Serologic Assay (Elisa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

6'-O-galloylpaeoniflorin alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in pediatric pneumonia through activating Nrf2 activation

Song²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Allergol Immunopathol

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Objective: To assess the therapeutic effect and mechanism of 6'-o-galloylpaeoniflorin (GPF) in pediatric pneumonia. Methods: The effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and GPF on cell viability and apoptosis were examined by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry analysis. The oxidative stress and inflammatory response were assessed by detecting expression levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteingl+glycine, myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde as well as tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-18, and Interleukin-10 by using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay. Moreover, the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway was detected by immunoblot assay, and the influence of Nrf2-knockdown on cell viability, oxidative stress, and inflammation response was also investigated. Results: The results established that GPF increased the viability of LPS-induced pneumonia cells. In addition, GPF reduced LPS-induced oxidative stress in pneumonia cells. It was further discovered that GPF reduced LPS-induced inflammation in pneumonic cell. GPF improved the activity of Nrf2 in LPS-treated pneumonic cells, and therefore alleviated inflammation and oxidative stress in pediatric pneumonia. Conclusion: GPF could serve as a promising drug for treating pediatric pneumonia.

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Significance of Sonographic Subcentimeter, Subpleural Consolidations in Pediatric Patients Evaluated for Pneumonia

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

Pediatric Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasonography: A Narrative Review

6'-O-galloylpaeoniflorin alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress in pediatric pneumonia through activating Nrf2 activation

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