Silencing long non‐coding RNA DLX6‐AS1 or restoring microRNA‐193b‐3p enhances thyroid carcinoma cell autophagy and apoptosis via depressing HOXA1

Abstract

Thyroid carcinoma (TC), as the most prevalent endocrine malignancy, is mainly originated from thyroid follicular epithelial cells, encouraging the rise of papillary, follicular and poorly differentiated or anaplastic entities whereas about 5% TC from parathyroid follicular thyroid cells. 1 Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is rare but extremely aggressive with a high mortality rate while differentiated TC is relatively common and indolent. 2 Various therapies such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been implied in the use of TC, but with limitations in drug resistance, postoperative complications and side effects or unmet efficacy. 3 Facing to the obstacles in treating TC, the requirement for therapeutic agents targeting TC positions a priority.The co-expression network of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) has been extensively discussed in TC.Exactly, it is recorded that miR-146b-5p negatively regulates lncRNA MALAT1 to function in papillary TC (PTC) cell invasion and proliferation. 4 Also, by co-working with miR-206 and miR-599, lncRNA

Diagnosis potential of subarachnoid hemorrhage using miRNA signatures isolated from plasma-derived extracellular vesicles

“…miR-193b-3p has been primarily linked with cancer, chondrocyte metabolism, apoptosis, and autophagy ( Meng et al, 2018 ; Feng et al, 2021 ; Dinami et al, 2022 ). Originally, miR-193b-3p was reported to be a tumor suppressor inhibiting several tumor-associated proteins, including the MYB oncogene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( Mets et al, 2015 ) and MORC4 in breast cancer ( Yang et al, 2018 ).…”

Oncogenic Role of Exosomal Circular and Long Noncoding RNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancers

“…Exosomal DLX6-AS1 exerts its function by upregulating C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CXCL17), which is targeted by miR-15a-5p [119] (Figure 4 and Table 2). Despite DLX6-AS1's oncogenic ability, the knockdown of this lncRNA activates autophagy [197]. Since autophagy can be considered as the pro-survival pathway [198], double inhibition of DLX6-AS1 and autophagy may efficiently suppress cancer and synergistically improve the anti-cancer effect of conventional treatment.…”

Non-Apoptotic Programmed Cell Death in Thyroid Diseases

“…LncRNA SLC26A4-AS1 can inhibit PTC progression by recruiting ETS1 to promote inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (ITPR1)-mediated autophagy [88]. The lncRNA distal-less homeobox 6 antisense RNA 1 (DLX6-AS1) can interact with microRNA-193b-3p to inhibit TC progression by suppressing homeobox A1 (HOXA1) and enhancing autophagy and apoptosis in TC cells [89]. The lncRNA TNRC6C-AS1 promotes serine/threonine kinase 4 (STK4) methylation and inhibits TC cell autophagy through the hippo signaling pathway [90].…”