Silicone-based surfactant degradation in aqueous media

Laubie, Baptiste; Bonnafous, Emilie; Desjardin, Valérie; Germain, Patrick; Fleury, Étienne

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.022

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Organosilicone surfactants are also present in drug and personal care products, particularly shampoos ( 76 ), and thus represent an important component of the chemical landscape to which bees ( 32 ) and humans ( 77 ) are exposed. These widely used super surfactants readily move across membranes, become systemic in plants and animals, and can ultimately degrade to silica ( 78 ) causing silicosis in sensitive tissues of exposed organisms.…”

Section: Organosilicones: the Most Powerful Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Risks of Agrochemical Spray Adjuvants: Organosilicone Surfactants May Not Be Safe

Mullin

Fine

Reynolds

et al. 2016

Front. Public Health

103

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Agrochemical risk assessment that takes into account only pesticide active ingredients without the spray adjuvants commonly used in their application will miss important toxicity outcomes detrimental to non-target species, including humans. Lack of disclosure of adjuvant and formulation ingredients coupled with a lack of adequate analytical methods constrains the assessment of total chemical load on beneficial organisms and the environment. Adjuvants generally enhance the pesticidal efficacy and inadvertently the non-target effects of the active ingredient. Spray adjuvants are largely assumed to be biologically inert and are not registered by the USA EPA, leaving their regulation and monitoring to individual states. Organosilicone surfactants are the most potent adjuvants and super-penetrants available to growers. Based on the data for agrochemical applications to almonds from California Department of Pesticide Regulation, there has been increasing use of adjuvants, particularly organosilicone surfactants, during bloom when two-thirds of USA honey bee colonies are present. Increased tank mixing of these with ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors and other fungicides and with insect growth regulator insecticides may be associated with recent USA honey bee declines. This database archives every application of a spray tank adjuvant with detail that is unprecedented globally. Organosilicone surfactants are good stand alone pesticides, toxic to bees, and are also present in drug and personal care products, particularly shampoos, and thus represent an important component of the chemical landscape to which pollinators and humans are exposed. This mini review is the first to possibly link spray adjuvant use with declining health of honey bee populations.

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Section: Organosilicones: the Most Powerful Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological Risks of Agrochemical Spray Adjuvants: Organosilicone Surfactants May Not Be Safe

Mullin

Fine

Reynolds

et al. 2016

Front. Public Health

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The broad use of organosilicone surfactants as formulation adjuvants [42,43] suggests a high potential for environmental harm. These super-surfactants should readily move across membranes, become systemic in plants and animals and be degraded to silica [44] causing silicosis in sensitive tissues of exposed organisms.…”

Section: Toxic and Behavioral Effects Of Formulation Inerts Or Spray mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ‘inactive’ ingredients on bees

Mullin

2015

Current Opinion in Insect Science

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“…The ratio of the α‐ and β‐isomer is of about 1:2.5 read from the peak ratio in the 29 Si NMR spectrum. Moreover, the concentration of NaOH (aq) plays an important role in the deacetylation (hydrolysis) reaction of cD 4 ‐4As 28,29 . The concentration of NaOH (aq) should not be exceeding 0.6 M to prevent the ring‐opening reaction of the cD 4 rings.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermosetting resins from a tetra‐functional vinylbenzene compound possessing cyclic siloxane cores

Lee

Chang

Liu

2021

Journal of Polymer Science

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Cyclic siloxane is an attractive building block for incorporation of silicon‐containing units as well as their distinguished properties to polymer materials. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of a tetra‐functional vinylbenzene compound possessing cyclic siloxane cores (cD4‐4VB). Synthesis of cD4‐4VB is carried out using cD4‐4SiH as the reactive precursor and multiple‐step reactions, including hydrosilylation, deacetylation, and SN2 substitution. cD4‐4VB is an effective monomer for preparation of the corresponding cyclic silicon‐based thermosetting resins (CR‐cD4‐4VB). CR‐cD4‐4VB shows attractive film formability and good thermo‐mechanical properties, including a storage modulus of 2.0 GPa, a glass transition temperature of 282°C, a thermal stability above 400°C, a high char yield (at 800°C in nitrogen) of 55 wt%, and a dielectric constant of 3.12 at 10 GHz. This kind of resins have potential of application for halogen‐free flame retardants and high‐performance polymer films.

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Silicone-based surfactant degradation in aqueous media

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Toxicological Risks of Agrochemical Spray Adjuvants: Organosilicone Surfactants May Not Be Safe

Toxicological Risks of Agrochemical Spray Adjuvants: Organosilicone Surfactants May Not Be Safe

Effects of ‘inactive’ ingredients on bees

Thermosetting resins from a tetra‐functional vinylbenzene compound possessing cyclic siloxane cores

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