Silver Diamine Fluoride: A Review and Current Applications

Shah, Shalin; Bhaskar, Vijay; Venkatraghavan, Karthik; Choudhary, Prashant; Mahadevan, Ganesh; Trivedi, Krishna

doi:10.1177/2229411220140106

Cited by 52 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These results document the penetration of SDF three times further into lesions than was previously thought (Shah et al, 2014). This is approximately the median of samples we have analyzed thus far.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

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Silver microwires from treating tooth decay with silver diamine fluoride

Seto

Parkinson

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a brush-on treatment for tooth decay that stops 81% of cavitated caries lesions (dental cavities). Before this innovation, caries was treatable only with operative approaches (dental fillings). SDF-treated lesions harden and become resistant to further decay. We hypothesized that the hardening is due to reaction with silver, rather than classic fluoride-mediated remineralization, because infected dentin is not amenable to remineralization. Using synchrotron microCT with 1.3 μm resolution, we observe filamentous densities up to 500 μm in length and 0.25-7.0 μm in diameter, formed in situ by applying SDF to caries lesions. We show that these “microwires” fill voids in the lesion caused by disease, and permeate through surrounding dentinal tubules. Using spectroscopy, we confirm that the chemical composition of the observed microwires is predominantly silver. To our knowledge, this represents the first structural microscale observations resulting from clinical SDF treatment. These novel observations hint at mechanistic explanations for the first clinical method to harden carious dentin besides remineralization. We hypothesize that SDF may not only achieve its antimicrobial functions by biochemical interactions, but also through its inherent ability to integrate into dentin.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Previous work on silver-based antibacterial compounds focused on silver nitrate (SN). While SN has been observed >1 mm deep in artificial lesions, dark SDF stains have been observed 200-300 µm into dentin (Shah et al, 2014). SN was used to treat dental caries until roughly 60 years ago, much as SDF is today.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silver microwires from treating tooth decay with silver diamine fluoride

Seto

Parkinson

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…However, the simplicity and accessibility of preventive treatment with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) have stood out since 1969 (2). SDF is considered to be an effective agent for the prevention and control of dental caries, including in deciduous teeth (3,4). An in vitro study (1) indicated that SDF solution is a more effective anticariogenic agent than fluoride varnish in areas with fluoridated water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In demineralized teeth SDF blackens the carious tooth structure due to oxidation of the silver ions created during its formulation (1,3,10). This feature limits its clinical use in patients who have aesthetic demands (4). To reduce the aesthetic damage caused by pigmentation, a cariostatic agent with silver nanoparticles has been studied, as evidence suggests that it does not cause darkening in demineralized teeth (8,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of a Cariostatic Agent with Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Cariostatic treatment has been shown to successfully arrest caries. However, it blackens the carious tooth structure. This study evaluated the effects of an experimental cariostatic agent with silver nanoparticles (Ag-Nano) using microhardness (MH) and microbiological tests. The cariostatic agents tested were: Saforide®, Cariestop®, Ancarie® and Ag-Nano. Sixty-six samples from deciduous enamel were submitted to initial (after pH cycling to obtain initial caries-like lesion) and final (after cariostatic application) MH testing and %MH values were calculated. After longitudinal sectioning, internal (I) MH was evaluated. Strains of Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis in brain-heart infusion culture were treated with the cariostatic agents. Agar diffusion tests (ADTs) were performed and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. The statistical tests used were: Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (%MD; ADT; MIC) and ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (I-MH) (p<0.05). The %MH of Saforide® was significantly greater than that of Ag-Nano (p<0.05). Internal MH showed progressive improvement in the enamel remineralization for all cariostatic tested. In ADTs showed greater inhibition of S. mutans, E. faecalis, and E. coli by Saforide® than by Ancarie® and Ag-Nano. Ag-Nano was able to inhibit 100% microorganism growth at a lower concentration than required for the other agents. It was concluded that Ag-Nano treatment promoted remineralization of deciduous tooth enamel with initial caries-like lesion and bactericidal activity.

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“…A fluoridated agent known as silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a solution that has been used to arrest dental caries and prevent the formation of new lesions . It has been proposed that SDF provides several benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%