“…Due to the advantages in terms of distributed storage, parallelism and easy implementation by the hardware, the neurodynamic approach has been served as a prior alternative for chaotic synchronization of sensor systems by researchers as well as engineers [37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45]. As the new branch of recurrent-neural-networks (RNNs) [46,47,48,49], various neural network models designed by the CZN approach have been developed as effective tools for the online engineering issues handling, as well as real-time synchronization of chaotic systems [50,51,52,53,54,55,56]. For instance, Zhang et al [53] detailedly investigated the control issues of three kinds of chaotic systems by combining the CZN approach as well as the gradient neurodynamic approach to design an effective controller.…”