Simple method for concentration of bacteria from large volumes of tap water

Abstract

Membrane adsorption-elution techniques have made it possible to concentrate and detect small numbers of viruses in large volumes of water and wastewater, but no such methods are available for quantitative recovery of bacteria. A number of waterborne disease outbreaks of "unknown etiology" in the United States are suspected to have been caused by pathogens present in numbers too small to be detected by currently available methodology. The present study reports on the use of positively charged depth filters for the concentration and detection of bacteria in large volumes of tap water. In this method, dechlorinated tap water was passed, under positive pressure, through positively charged filter media (Zeta

Electropositively charged filters for the recovery of yeasts and bacteria from beverages

“…Filtration through porous, positively charged material ensures that bacteria reach the charged source more quickly than by electrostatic attraction alone. Goyal & Gerber (1980) showed that electropositively charged filters with large pore size could facilitate the concentration of bacteria from large volumes of water. Hirsh & Martin (1984) and Kroll (1985) realized the potential of such filters for the quality assessment of foods and beverages and succeeded in recovering bacteria from products that are notoriously difficult to filter through conventional membrane filters without injurious treatments, e.g.…”

Simultaneous Concentration of Bovine Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Bacteria from Water Using Sodocalcic Glass Wool Filters

“…Glass wool filters were eluted in the direction opposite to the original flow with two 80 ml elutions of 3 % beef extract-glycine buffer (BEG) at pH 9.5 (Goyal and Gerba 1980). The first eluent was allowed to soak the filter for 15 min before adding the second eluent, which was immediately pushed through the filter by air.…”

“…Bovine enteric viruses in particular have been suggested to identify animal sources of fecal pollution (Ley et al 2002;Bofill-Mas et al 2011). Most studies in this area have been directed at the concentration of human enteric viruses from water (Ikner et al 2012), or separate strategies for concentrating bacteria (Goyal and Gerba 1980;Bisha et al 2011).…”

Concentration and detection of Aeromonas salmonicida from hatchery water

“…The membrane-adsorption-elution technique has been used to concentrate Escherichia coli and Salmonella organisms from large volumes of potable water (Goyal & Gerba 1980). This technique consists of passing large volumes of test water through positively charged filters (Zeta-plus; AMF-Cuno, Meriden, Conn.) followed by the elution of bacteria adsorbed to the filters in a small volume of an elucnt such as tryptose phosphate broth or beef-extract solution.…”

“…This technique consists of passing large volumes of test water through positively charged filters (Zeta-plus; AMF-Cuno, Meriden, Conn.) followed by the elution of bacteria adsorbed to the filters in a small volume of an elucnt such as tryptose phosphate broth or beef-extract solution. Using this technique, Goyal & Gerba (1980) were able to recover 30-36% of bacteria from 20-1 volumes of tapwater with 400-fold reduction in volume. Mathewson, Keswick & Dupont ) e\;iliiated several meml"ir;uie lilters for the concentration of Campylohacter jejuni from water and found that the Zeta-plus filter was significantly better than the Millipore HA and the (lelnian (iN(> mieroporoiis lilters.…”