Simulating Evacuations with Obstacles Using a Modified Dynamic Cellular Automata Model

Aik, Lim Eng; Choon, Tan Wee

doi:10.1155/2012/765270

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…To accelerate evacuation process, it is better to have a room with two exits than a room with one exit. Our results are consistent with results of Aik and Choon [1]. Then, we consider the situations with 0% and 3% guiders in experiments.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model

Makmul

2023

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

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The pedestrian evacuation process during the propagation of smoke in case with and without guider is investigated. The effects of leaders on the evacuation are considered. The model is based on the social force model for pedestrians’ motions. The advection–diffusion equation is applied for the dispersion of smoke. The movement direction of a guider is guided by the solution of the Eikonal equation. It relies on the desired speed and the smoke density. A pedestrian who is not a guider follows the rule termed ‘flow with the stream’ and ‘following the wall’. We perform different numerical experiments in a room with one and two exits. The results show that the guiders effect on the evacuation time when they are large number of individuals in simulation. It can help to increase the number of evacuees. With small number of individuals in the experiment, the effect of guiders on evacuation time is not obvious. Further, simulation results are found that the domain with two exits provides higher number of outside pedestrians than the domain with a single door. Longer evacuation time period can increase the number of evacuees. The visibility range of a pedestrian is reduced when an additional smoke source is added to the system. It decreases the number of evacuees. The results of the proposed model are discussed and compared with the existing models.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model

Makmul

2023

Modelling and Simulation in Engineering

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“…Numerous situations have been investigated, such as evacuation with obstacles [10][11][12][13][14], evacuation from fires [1,15], evacuation in poor visibility [16,17], evacuation in panic situation, evacuation from aircraft [18], etc.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Floor Field is defined in the paper, and a panic parameter is also introduced. Eng Aik et al [11] proposed a modified dynamic CA model to simulate the evacuation of occupants from a room with obstacles. The model takes into account human emotions and crowd density around the exits, but did not consider the density of other places.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with other models, CA is an extremely efficient model for computer simulation, which makes it suitable for a series of disciplinary crossing societies, ecology, physics, chemistry, traffic science, environmental science, general computer science, and so on. CA also has a widespread application in pedestrian flow modeling and pedestrian evacuation [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating large-scale pedestrian movement using CA and event driven model: Methodology and case study

et al. 2015

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

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“…A series of elements have been considered in the literature related to individuals' behaviors, either in terms of cooperation [1,2] or competition [3], such as, but not limited to: age [4][5][6], social background [7], the degree of familiarity with the environment [8], the degree of selfishness [9], the presence or absence of guidance or authority figures [4,[10][11][12], the occurrence of herd behavior [13], pressure [14,15], emotions [13,16], or by considering different settings of the environment, such as the presence of a single/multiple exit doors [17][18][19], the width of the door [20], the distance to the exit door [21,22], the visibility of the exits [23], the occurrence of different objects [24,25], or limited visibility [26]. The presence of an obstacle in front of an exit has been a controversial and highly studied aspect in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Exits’ Symmetry Impact on the Evacuation Process of Classrooms and Lecture Halls: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

et al. 2020

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As the evacuation problem has attracted and continues to attract a series of researchers due to its high importance both for saving human lives and for reducing the material losses in such situations, the present paper analyses whether the evacuation doors configuration in the case of classrooms and lecture halls matters in reducing the evacuation time. For this aim, eighteen possible doors configurations have been considered along with five possible placements of desks and chairs. The doors configurations have been divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical clusters based on the two doors positions within the room. An agent-based model has been created in NetLogo which allows a fast configuration of the classrooms and lecture halls in terms of size, number of desks and chairs, desks and chair configuration, exits' size, the presence of fallen objects, type of evacuees and their speed. The model has been used for performing and analyzing various scenarios. Based on these results, it has been observed that, in most cases, the symmetrical doors configurations provide good/optimal results, while only some of the asymmetrical doors configurations provide comparable/better results. The model is configurable and can be used in various scenarios.Symmetry 2020, 12, 627 2 of 25 demonstrated the beneficial effect of such an obstacle, a series of other studies have followed [28], some of them revealing a smaller positive effect [29,30], others stating the influence based on the dimension and position of the obstacle [31], while others proving the ineffectiveness of such a situation [32,33]. In a recent paper, Zuriguel et al. [34] studied the effect of an obstacle placed in front of the exit, and the authors concluded that this situation slightly favors the evacuation of the persons near the wall, prompting a debate on the role of the column in an evacuation process. Even more, the role of the exit location is questioned in Wu et al. [3], in which the authors conduct an experiment using mice and changing the position of the exit door by moving it from the long to the short wall of the test container.Depending on the type of the environment in which the evacuation might take place, a series of studies in the literature have addressed the evacuation of ships [35], metro stations [11,36], metro trains and high-speed trains [37,38], hospitals [39,40], stadiums [41], concert halls [42], supermarkets [43], rooms [34,44], auditorium [45], classrooms and lecture halls [18,46,47], ascending stair evacuation [48], large indoor building spaces [49], large buildings [50], large exterior spaces [51], etc.Among the public building evacuation situations, classrooms and the lecture halls hold an important place, as these spaces generally present a high population density and a restrained evacuation capacity [18,52]. The seat and desk placement among these types of learning rooms can take various forms, which, combined with the exit doors' positions, can have an impact on the overall evacuation time [53]. Furthermore, the complexity of the i...

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Simulating Evacuations with Obstacles Using a Modified Dynamic Cellular Automata Model

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model

A Pedestrian Evacuation Model with Leaders during the Smoke Dispersion Based on a Social Force Model

Simulating large-scale pedestrian movement using CA and event driven model: Methodology and case study

Investigating the Exits’ Symmetry Impact on the Evacuation Process of Classrooms and Lecture Halls: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach

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