Simultaneous analysis of anthocyanins and flavonols in petals of lotus (Nelumbo) cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Systematic qualitative and quantitative assessment of anthocyanins, flavones and flavonols in the petals of 108 lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) cultivars

“…The anthocyanins, flavones and flavonols were extracted according to the method reported by Yang et al (2009), Chen, Wu, et al (2012 and Chen, Fang, et al (2012) with little modification; the 0.1% HCl, which was contained in 70% methanol aqueous solution, was replaced with 2% formic acid and extracted approximately 0.7 g of frozen petal powder with 7 ml extracting solution at 4°C keeping in dark. The extracted solution was vibrated using a THZ-C-I shaker (Jiangsu, China), the liquid was separated from the solid matrix by centrifugation at 15,000g, 4°C for 10 min, the supernatant was collected, and the solid matrix was re-extracted with another 7 ml extraction solution, the supernatant was vacuum dried with a rotary vacuum (RE52AA, Yarong, Shanghai, China) at 40°C, then re-dissolved in 2 ml double-distilled water and filtered through a 0.22 lm Millipore aqueous phase filter before HPLC analysis.…”

“…and Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers (Kubo, Hirai, Kaneko, Tanaka, & Kasumi, 2009;Yang et al, 2009) that are also named as Chinese lotus and American lotus and distribute in southeastern Asia and America (Guo, Li, Peng, & Ke, 2006), respectively. According to its application, the Chinese lotus could be classified into three groups, Nelumbo flower lotus, Nelumbo seed lotus and Nelumbo rhizome lotus (Guo, 2008;Guo et al, 2005).…”

“…Flower colour is one of the important ornamental elements for lotus. Anthocyanins as well as flavones and flavonols are two major subclasses of flavonoids that widely exist in flowers, fruits and vegetables (Castañeda-Ovando, Pacheco-Hernández, Páez-Hernández, Rodríguez, & Galá-n-Vidal, 2009;Kong, Chia, Goh, Chia, & Brouillard, 2003;Michael, 2000;Yang et al, 2009). Both of them are also named as pigments.…”

“…When the same method was applied to lotus petals, four flavonoids were isolated and purified (Guo, Wang, Duan, Du, & Wang, 2010). In another study, Yang et al (2009) detected five anthocyanins and nine flavonols from the petals of six different colour lotus cultivars by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS. After optimised extraction and HPLC-DAD/ ESI-MS analysis, Chen et al detected thirteen flavonoids from lotus leaves (Chen, Wu, et al, 2012). Using this method, they also analysed flavonoids in various tissues of lotus and detected several new flavonoids that were not reported in lotus before (Chen, Fang, et al, 2012).…”

Simultaneous determination of quercetin and its glycosides from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

“…The simultaneous determination of the flavonoids including quercetin and its glycosides is significant to ensure the quality of the N. nucifera leaves and find the key components in the various pharmacological effects of the extracts. Several HPLC methods were reported for the determination of flavonoids in various plant materials (Su et al, 2008) and there were reports on the analysis of the alkaloids and flavonoids in the seeds and petals of N. nucifera (Chen et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2009). However, there was no report on the analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the quercetin and its glycosides in the leaves part of N. nucifera.…”