Simultaneous determination of 20 drugs of abuse in oral fluid using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Fernández, P.; Regenjo, M.; Ares, Ana M.; Fernández, Ana; Lorenzo, R.A.; Carro, A.M.

doi:10.1007/s00216-018-1428-5

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One year later Fernández (2019) developed a miniaturized and inexpensive technique that uses reduced volumes of solvents and samples. They used UA-DLLME with UPLC-MS/MS to study 10 synthetic cathinones and 10 illicit drugs in oral fluid (Fernández, 2019). Table 3 summarizes some studies that used saliva as a biological sample.…”

Section: Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis

Daryanavard

Zolfaghari

Abdel-Rehim

et al. 2021

Biomedical Chromatography

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Analysis of biological samples is affected by interfering substances with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes, such as drugs. Biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, urine and saliva must be properly processed for separation, purification, enrichment and chemical modification to meet the requirements of the analytical instruments. This causes the sample preparation stage to be of undeniable importance in the analysis of such samples through methods such as microextraction techniques. The scope of this review will cover a comprehensive summary of available literature data on microextraction techniques playing a key role for analytical purposes, methods of their implementation in common biological samples, and finally, the most recent examples of application of microextraction techniques in preconcentration of analytes from urine, blood and saliva samples. The objectives and merits of each microextration technique are carefully described in detail with respect to the nature of the biological samples. This review presents the most recent and innovative work published on microextraction application in common biological samples, mostly focused on original studies reported from 2017 to date. The main sections of this review comprise an introduction to the microextraction techniques supported by recent application studies involving quantitative and qualitative results and summaries of the most significant, recently published applications of microextracion methods in biological samples. This article considers recent applications of several microextraction techniques in the field of sample preparation for biological samples including urine, blood and saliva, with consideration for extraction techniques, sample preparation and instrumental detection systems.

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Section: Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis

Daryanavard

Zolfaghari

Abdel-Rehim

et al. 2021

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…Table 2 resumes with detail these miniaturized applications for the enrichment of cocaine and related substances in forensic matrices, with emphasis on the key characteristics on the developed methodologies. Table S2 (Supplementary Material) contains information regarding other techniques for the determination of these classes of compounds in the forensic context [52,84,99,100,104,[114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133]. Another important class of stimulant drugs are amphetamine (AMP) and amphetaminetype substances (ATS), which include methamphetamine (MAMP), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA), and methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).…”

Section: Stimulants and Related Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 7 summarizes in detail the main miniaturized microextraction applications for the enrichment of NPS and related substances in forensic matrices, with emphasis on the key characteristics on the developed methodologies. Table S6 (Supplementary Material) contains additional information regarding other techniques for the determination of NPS in the forensic context [99,100,128,131,143,197,219,[238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246].…”

Section: New Psychoactive Substances (Nps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

et al. 2021

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The analysis of controlled drugs in forensic matrices, i.e., urine, blood, plasma, saliva, and hair, is one of the current hot topics in the clinical and toxicological context. The use of microextraction-based approaches has gained considerable notoriety, mainly due to the great simplicity, cost-benefit, and environmental sustainability. For this reason, the application of these innovative techniques has become more relevant than ever in programs for monitoring priority substances such as the main illicit drugs, e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and related compounds. The present contribution aims to make a comprehensive review on the state-of-the art advantages and future trends on the application of microextraction-based techniques for screening-controlled drugs in the forensic context.

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“…Additionally, the newest NPS may not be available or they may have to be obtained from other countries, which can lead to delays and problems with federal customs . In the literature, many LC–MS and GC–MS methods for the detection and quantification of NPS have been reported, including an in‐depth review of all possible HR‐MS methods for the analysis of NPS by Pasin et al…”

Section: Analyticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical value of analytical testing in patients presenting with new psychoactive substances intoxication

Grafinger

Liechti

Liakoni

2019

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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New psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged worldwide in recent years, posing a threat to public health and a challenge to drug policy. NPS are usually derivatives or analogues of classical recreational drugs designed to imitate their effects while circumventing regulations. This article provides an overview of benefits and limitations of analytical screening in managing patients presenting with acute NPS toxicity. NPS typically cannot be analytically identified with the usual immunoassay tests. To detect NPS using an immunoassay, antibodies specifically binding to the new structures would have to be developed, which is complicated by the rapid change of the NPS market. Activity‐based assays could circumvent this problem since no prior knowledge on the substance structure is necessary. However, classical recreational drugs activating the same receptors could lead to false positive results. Liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is a valuable NPS analysis tool, but its costs (e.g. equipment), run time (results usually within hours vs minutes in case of immunoasssays) and the need for specialized personnel hinder its use in clinical setting, while factors such as lack of reference standards can pose further limitations. Although supportive measures are sufficient in most cases for adequate patient management, the detection and identification of NPS can contribute significantly to public health and safety in cases of e.g. cluster intoxications and outbreaks, and to the investigation of these novel compounds' properties. However, this requires not only availability of the necessary equipment and personnel, but also collaboration between clinicians, authorities and laboratories.

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Simultaneous determination of 20 drugs of abuse in oral fluid using ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis

Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

Clinical value of analytical testing in patients presenting with new psychoactive substances intoxication

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