Simultaneous determination of chlordiazepoxide and selected antidepressants using CZE

Abstract

A simple CE method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of chlordiazepoxide (CHL), amitriptyline, and nortriptyline (mixture I) or the determination of CHL and imipramine (mixture II) using the same BGE. Sertraline and amitriptyline were used as internal standards for the first and second mixtures, respectively. The method allows amitriptyline to be completely separated from its impurity and main metabolite nortriptyline, which can be quantified from 0.2 μg/mL. The separation was achieved using 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 5 containing 12 mM β-cyclodextrin and 1 mM carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin. UV detection was performed at 200 nm and a voltage of 15 kV was applied on an uncoated fused-silica capillary at 25°C. These experimental conditions allowed separation of the compounds to be obtained in 7 min. Calibration graphs proved the linearity up to 40 μg/mL for CHL, up to 100 μg/mL for amitriptyline and imipramine, and up to 5 μg/mL for nortriptyline. The accuracy and precision of the method have been determined by analyzing synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations. The analytical results were quite good in all cases indicating that the method was linear, sensitive, precise, accurate, and selective for both mixtures.

Capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of antidepressant drugs: A review

“…This method combined with SPE procedure resulted in better LODs, down to 3 ng/mL for each enantiomer. Notably, Mansour et al [71] compared several additives for the separation of AMI, NOR, IMI and chlordiazepoxide. The drugs combination was commonly dispensed for the treatment of moderate to severe depression associated with moderate to severe anxiety.…”

An Overview on Total Analytical Methods for the Detection of 1,4-Benzodiazepines

“…Capillary electrophoresis (CE)/Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) [88] is now gaining increasing acceptance as a complementary analytical technique to other separation methods such as HPLC and GC. When comparing CE with HPLC, it was found that in many applications, CE is superior to HPLC in efficiency, selectivity, peak symmetry and speed [89].…”

Electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified by graphene nanosheets and molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for determination of a chlordiazepoxide drug

“…Chlordiazepoxide inhibits the monosynaptic and polysynaptic reexes by inactivating neuronal transmitters or by blocking excitatory synaptic transmission. 2,3 Several analytical methods including spectrophotometry, 4-7 different chromatographic techniques (HPLC, LC/MS and GC/ MS), 2,8-13 capillary electrophoresis 14,15 and electrochemical techniques (potentiometric, polarography and voltammetry) 1, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] have been reported for the determination of chlordiazepoxide in pharmaceutical formulations and plasma samples. Among these methods, electrochemical techniques usually provide greater sensitivity, in addition to its other outstanding features such as low cost, easy operation, fast response time and excellent potential for miniaturization and construction for portable equipment applications.…”