Simultaneous determination of saponins in flower buds of <i>Panax notoginseng</i> using high performance liquid chromatography

Gao, Xianfu; Dan, Mo; Zhao, Aihua; Xie, Guoxiang; Wang, Jia

doi:10.1002/bmc.915

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The obtained dried ginseng (0.5 g) was weighed, and 5 mL of 70% methanol were added. The methanol extract of ginseng was obtained in an ultrasonic water bath for 60 min at room temperature [24]. The fluid was filtered through a syringe filter (0.22 μm) and injected directly into the UPLC system.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach for simultaneous determination for geographical origins of Korean Panax ginseng by UPLC-QTOF/MS coupled with OPLS-DA models

Song¹,

Kim²,

Woo³

et al. 2013

Journal of Ginseng Research

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Identification of the origins of Panax ginseng has been issued in Korea scientifically and economically. We describe a metabolomics approach used for discrimination and prediction of ginseng roots from different origins in Korea. The fresh ginseng roots from six ginseng cooperative associations (Gangwon, Gaeseong, Punggi, Chungbuk, Jeonbuk, and Anseong) were analyzed by UPLC-MS-based approach combined with orthogonal projections to latent structure-discriminant analysis multivariate analysis. The ginsengs from Gangwon and Gaeseong were easily differentiated. We further analyzed the metabolomics results in subgroups. Punggi, Chungbuk, Jeonbuk, and Anseong ginseng could be easily differentiated by the first two orthogonal components. As a validation of the discrimination model, we performed blind prediction tests of sample origins using an external test set. Our model predicted their geographical origins as 99.7% probability. The robust discriminatory power and statistical validity of our method suggest its general applicability for determining the origins of P. ginseng samples.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach for simultaneous determination for geographical origins of Korean Panax ginseng by UPLC-QTOF/MS coupled with OPLS-DA models

Song¹,

Kim²,

Woo³

et al. 2013

Journal of Ginseng Research

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“…The obtained fine powder (2 g) was weighed, and 20 ml of 70% (v/v) methanol were added. The powder was then extracted in an ultrasonic water bath at 50 °C for 60 min (Gao et al 2008). The extraction was repeated three times.…”

Section: Chemicals and Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of ultra-performance LC-TOF MS metabolite profiling techniques to the analysis of medicinal Panax herbs

Xie

Ming

et al. 2008

Metabolomics

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Abstract:The morphological appearance and some ingredients of Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng and Panax japonicus of the Panax genus are similar. However, their pharmacological activities are obviously different due to the significant differences in the types and quantity of saponins in each herb. In the present study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-offlight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS) was used to profile the abundances of metabolites in the three medicinal Panax herbs. Multivariate statistical analysis technique, that is, principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to discriminate between the Panax samples. PCA of the analytical data showed a clear separation of compositions among the three medicinal herbs. The critical markers such as chikusetsusaponin IVa, ginsenoside R0, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb2 and ginsenoside Rg2 accountable for such variations were identified through the corresponding loading weights, and the tentative identification of biomarkers is completed by the accurate mass of TOFMS and high resolution and high retention time reproducibility performed by UPLC. The proposed analytical method coupled with multivariate statistical analysis is reliable to analyze a group of metabolites present in the herbal extracts and other natural products. This method can be further utilized to evaluate chemical components obtained from different plants and/or the plants of different geographical locations, thereby classifying the medicinal plant resources and potentially elucidating the mechanism of inherent phytochemical diversity. Article:INTRODUCTION It is estimated that about 65-80% of the world's population is using traditional medicine as the primary form of healthcare (Akerele 1992). Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are gaining more and more attention in many fields because of their low toxicity and good therapeutic performance. The quality and contents of herbs are highly variable depending on geographical origins, climate, cultivation, and the growth stage when harvested (Mahady et al. 2001). The profiling of natural products requires an analytical system capable of generating an information rich data set and needs to identify the compounds of interest, compare different batches of material to be compared and contrasted and isolate the compounds of interest from bulk solution. However, because of the chemical diversity of the metabolome, which for any given multicellular species comprises a mixture of thousands of compounds differing in size, polarity etc., and varying in abundance by several orders of magnitude, the need for multiparallel analytical techniques is obvious and well-accepted (Goodacre et al. 2004;Hall 2006). A number of techniques including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) have been employed for metabolite profiling (Fiehn et al. 2000;Want et al. 2005;Fukusaki et al. 2006;Nordstrom et al...

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“…The 20( S )‐protopanaxadiol saponins, such as notoginsenosides Fc, ginsenosides Rc, Rb2, and Rb3, are abundant in PNF, but rare in the roots. A limited number of analytical methods, such as HPLC–UV , HPLC–ELSD , and HPLC–MS , have been established to determine saponins in PNF. However, the most of these studies failed to well separate notoginsenoside Fc and ginsenoside Rc, two major components of PNF, leading to the inaccurate quantitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on chemical components and anti‐inflammatory effects of Panax notoginseng flower extracted by water and methanol

Liu

Zhong

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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Methanol and water are commonly used solvents for chemical analysis and traditional decoction, respectively. In the present study, a high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method was developed to quantify 11 saponins in Panax notoginseng flower extracted by aqueous solution and methanol, and chemical components and anti-inflammatory effects of these two extracts were compared. The separation of 11 saponins, including notoginsenoside Fc and ginsenoside Rc, was well achieved on a Zorbax SB C18 column. This developed method provides an adequate linearity (r > 0.999), repeatability (RSD < 4.26%), inter- and intraday variations (RSD < 3.20%) with recovery (94.7-104.1%) of 11 saponins concerned. Our data indicated that ginsenoside biotransformation in PNF was found, when water was used as the extraction solvent, but not methanol. Specifically, the major components of Panax notoginseng flower, ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd, can be near completely transformed to the minor components, gypenoside XVII, notoginsenoside Fe, ginsenoside Rd2, notoginsenoside Fd, and ginsenoside F2, respectively. Total protein isolated from Panax notoginseng flower is responsible for this ginsenoside biotransformation. Additionally, methanol extract exerted the stronger anti-inflammatory effects than water extract in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. This difference in anti-inflammatory action might be attributed to their chemical difference of saponins.

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Simultaneous determination of saponins in flower buds of Panax notoginseng using high performance liquid chromatography

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

An approach for simultaneous determination for geographical origins of Korean Panax ginseng by UPLC-QTOF/MS coupled with OPLS-DA models

An approach for simultaneous determination for geographical origins of Korean Panax ginseng by UPLC-QTOF/MS coupled with OPLS-DA models

Application of ultra-performance LC-TOF MS metabolite profiling techniques to the analysis of medicinal Panax herbs

Comparative study on chemical components and anti‐inflammatory effects of Panax notoginseng flower extracted by water and methanol

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