Simultaneous determination of six synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection

Abstract

A simple, rapid, organic-solvent- and sample-saving pretreatment technique, called dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, was developed for the determination of six synthetic phenolic antioxidants from edible oils before high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The entire procedure was composed of a two-step microextraction and a centrifugal process and could be finished in about 5 min, only consuming only 25 mg of sample and 1 mL of the organic solvent for each extraction. The influences of several important parameters on the microextraction efficiency were thoroughly investigated. Recovery assays for oil samples were spiked at three concentration levels, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, and provided recoveries in the 86.3-102.5% range with a relative standard deviation below 3.5%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions for the analysis were less than 3.8%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in different oil samples, and satisfactory results were obtained. Thus, the developed method represents a viable alternative for the quality control of synthetic phenolic antioxidant concentrations in edible oils.

Application of thermal ultrasound‐assisted liquid–liquid micro‐extraction coupled with HPLC‐UV for rapid determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in edible oils

“…Antioxidants (natural and synthetic) are chemicals able to prevent or delay the oxidation reactions in oil during processing and storage. Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are frequently used because of their availability, low cost, high efficiency, and stability (Amlashi et al, 2014;Xu et al, 2016). The most common SPAs, which are used alone or in combination, in oil are propyl gallate (PG), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), and butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT) (Chen et al, 2013;Ding & Zou, 2012).…”

Magnetic porous aromatic framework with a core–shell structure as a sorbent for rapid extraction of phenols and their quantitation in urine by HPLC-UV

“…Some of the sample pretreatment techniques have been applied to enrich trace or ultra-trace phenols in environmental, food and biological samples prior to chromatographic analysis. These techniques include liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [14], liquidliquid microextraction (LLME) [15,16], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [17], solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [18,19] and magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) [15,20]. Compared with other sample pretreatment techniques, the main advantages of MSPE are convenience, speed and shorter time required for sample pretreatment, especially for biological samples [21][22][23][24].…”

Vortex-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for the Analysis of Alkyl Gallates in Vegetable Oils

“…Generally, the allowed amounts of SAs in food range from 100 to 200 mg kg -1 in European Union, either singly or in combination. 5 The determination of alkyl gallates in foodstuffs has been accomplished using specific electrochemical sen-sors [6][7][8] and different separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 5,[9][10][11][12] micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography 13,14 and capillary electrophoresis. 15,16 Electrochemical methods may offer relatively low operational costs and faster analysis.…”

“…18,19 However, a pretreatment step for sample enrichment and cleanup is always desirable prior to any chromatographic analysis due to the complexity of the sample matrix. Recently, some novel microextraction procedures, such as cloud-point extraction (CPE) 10 and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) 5,20 have also been devel-…”