Simultaneous measurement of phosphorus and platinum by Size Exclusion Chromatography coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SEC-ICPMS) using xenon as reactive collision gas for characterization of platinum drug liposomes

Abstract

Liposomes have attracted intensive attention as drug delivery systems in anti-cancer therapy. Since liposomes are constructed by self-assembling of phospholipids, ICP-MS is a suitable method for simultaneous determination of liposomes and encapsulated metallic drug substances such as platinumbased drugs. An efficient method for simultaneous determination of phosphorus and platinum in liposome samples has been established based on the use of xenon as a collision gas in DRC-ICP-MS. Under the optimum conditions with respect to signal to noise ratio, the interferences were suppressed and the detection limits of phosphorus and platinum were 0.3 and 0.05 ng mL À1 , respectively. Quality control was performed by using a certified reference material BCR 273 and biological reference materials. For the purpose of investigation of liposome stability and metallo-drug release from liposomes, a hyphenated method based on size exclusion chromatography was developed for separation of free and encapsulated platinum in a model liposome formulation of oxaliplatin. Moreover, an accelerated drug release study was performed by sonication of liposomal samples and using the developed hyphenated method to determine the drug leakage. It has been demonstrated that the SEC-DRC-ICP MS method was an efficient tool in the development and characterization of liposome based formulations of metallic drugs.

Quantitative determination of platinum derived from cisplatin in human plasma ultrafiltrate using derivatization with diethyldithiocarbamate and liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

“…26 And the interactions of cisplatin with proteins and DNA have also been investigated using a great variety of analytical techniques. Those methods and techniques, used for quantitative studies also, include electronic, vibration, uorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, liquid scintillation counting, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-visible detection (HPLC-UV), 1 capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, 27 size exclusion chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SEC-ICPMS), 28 electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [29][30][31] and HPLC-ICP-MS. 32,33 Among those techniques, ICP-MS is the most sensitive and reliable one for the determination of cisplatin. However, ICP-MS with single mass spectrometry may not be capable of providing enough selectivity to eliminate the interference from endogenous and exogenous metal ions and polyatomic groups.…”

Optimization of a CE-ICP-MS/MS method for the investigation of liposome–cisplatin nanosystems and their interactions with transferrin

“…7,11 Herein, the LOD and limit of quantification of the 31 P 16 O + signals equal 1.06 μM and 3.19 μM, respectively. The LOD of phosphorus was established, for instance, for the SEC-DRC-ICP-MS method (mentioned above), 9 whose value is only a few times lower than that in the current method, i.e. , 0.13 μM, despite usual chromatography yielding much lower LODs than electrophoresis.…”

“…As collision gases in DRC, xenon 7,9 or argon 10–12 were used since they were found to be superior to oxygen in terms of interference removal. In initial studies, DRC-ICP-MS was coupled to size-exclusion chromatography 9 (SEC-DRC-ICP-MS) to simultaneously monitor 31 P + and 195 Pt + species corresponding to liposomes and free and liposome-entrapped oxaliplatin forms. Although applicable in such DTDS characterization (including drug release monitoring), the method suffered from limitations related to liposomes and the column's stationary phase interactions.…”

Recent progress of ICP-MS in the development of metal-based drugs and diagnostic agents

“…The same detection strategy was employed for the purpose of investigation of liposome stability and metallodrug liberation from liposomes using HPLC-ICP-MS as an alternative stabilityindicating assay. 25 In similar HPLC-ICP-MS studies related to drug formulation stability, the release of a Pt(II) species from biodegradable polymers chosen as a drug carrier was recorded. 26,27 In order to isolate the target analytes from micelles, into which the anticancer drug-containing polymer selfassembles, these were subjected to dialysis against different aqueous solutions.…”