Simultaneous outbreak due to Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysenteriae in Kenya

Iijima, Yoshio; Oundo, JosephO.; Taga, Kenichiro; Saidi, SuleimanM.; Honda, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91197-9

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…It was responsible for large dysentery epidemics in Guatemala and other parts of Central America (MendizabalMorris et al, 1971), Bangladesh (Ronsmans et al, 1988), Zaire (Group, 1995), Kenya (Iijima et al, 1995), and recently West Africa (Guerin et al, 2003) and India (Pazhani et al, 2004). The O antigen of S. dysenteriae type 1 is essential for virulence, and there is indirect evidence that antibodies against the O antigen are protective (Passwell et al, 2001;Robbins et al, 1992;Taylor et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and genetic evidence that the Escherichia coli O148 O antigen is the precursor of the Shigella dysenteriae type 1 O antigen and identification of a glucosyltransferase gene

et al. 2007

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Shigella dysenteriae type 1 is the most virulent serotype of Shigella. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli O148 is pathogenic and can cause diarrhoea. The following structure was established for the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the E. coliThis differs from the structure reported earlier for S. dysenteriae type 1 by having a glucose (Glc) residue in place of a galactose (Gal) residue. The two bacteria also have the same genes for O antigen synthesis, with the same organization and high level of DNA identity, except that in S. dysenteriae type 1 wbbG is interrupted by a deletion, and a galactosyltransferase gene wbbP located on a plasmid is responsible for the transfer of galactose to make a novel antigenic epitope of the O antigen. The S. dysenteriae type 1 O antigen was reconstructed by replacing the E. coli O148 wbbG gene with the wbbP gene, and it had the LPS structure and antigenic properties of S. dysenteriae type 1, indicating that the S. dysenteriae type 1 O antigen evolved from that of E. coli O148. It was also confirmed that wbbG of E. coli O148 is a glucosyltransferase gene, and two serotype-specific genes of E. coli O148 and S. dysenteriae type 1 were identified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and genetic evidence that the Escherichia coli O148 O antigen is the precursor of the Shigella dysenteriae type 1 O antigen and identification of a glucosyltransferase gene

et al. 2007

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“…Among them, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and rotavirus predominate in developing countries (6). Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysenteriae also caused large outbreaks (8,12).A hospital-based prevalence study of diarrhea among children in Malindi, a coastal rural area of Kenya, indicated that bacteria was the most prevalent etiology, followed by viruses and parasites (11). The epidemiological study has suggested that the bacteria and parasites are primarily transmitted through drinking water, while viruses spread by the fecal-oral route.…”

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Prevention of Bacterial Diarrhea by Pasteurization of Drinking Water in Kenya

Iijima

Karama

Oundo

et al. 2001

Microbiology and Immunology

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Diarrheal disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Drinking water is a primary transmission route of infectious diarrheagenic bacteria in a rural area of Kenya (Microbiol. Immunol. 41: 773-778, 1997). We tried to prevent diarrhea at villages with approximately 1,500 households in Kenya by pasteurizing drinking water. A durable simple thermoindicator which changes color at 70 C was used as an indicator of pasteurization. The number of households in which drinking water was coliform bacteria-free increased from 10.7% to 43.1 % after adoption of a pasteurization practice. Consequently , the incidence of severe diarrhea among people drinking pasteurized water was significantly lower than in people taking raw water (odds ratio =0.55, P=0.0016). The reduction ratio of the incidence after pasteurization was nearly equivalent with that after the adoption of a boiling method. Employment of women leaders as fieldworkers and demonstration of bacterial colony disappearance on agar plates by pasteurization also affected reduction of the diarrheal incidence.

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“…Mixed infections of V. cholera O1 and other enteropathogenic microorganisms are not uncommon [8]. We have previously reported a simultaneous outbreak of cholera and dysentery due to V. cholerae O1 and S. dysenteriae, respectively [9]. Similarly cholera-like diarrhoea caused by organisms other than V. cholerae O1 or O139 has been observed [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera-like diarrhoea due to Salmonella infection

Saidi

Yamasaki

Lijima³

et al. 2010

J Infect Dev Ctries

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An unusually high number of sporadic cholera outbreaks have occurred in various parts of Kenya since January 2009. Clinical symptoms of cholera play an important role in the diagnosis and management of the disease, especially in resource-poor settings in most developing countries. We describe a case report of a patient who was treated for cholera according to symptoms at presentation to hospital. Non-typhoid Salmonella was later isolated and the patient's condition improved after administration of ciprofloxacin.

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Simultaneous outbreak due to Vibrio cholerae and Shigella dysenteriae in Kenya

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Structural and genetic evidence that the Escherichia coli O148 O antigen is the precursor of the Shigella dysenteriae type 1 O antigen and identification of a glucosyltransferase gene

Structural and genetic evidence that the Escherichia coli O148 O antigen is the precursor of the Shigella dysenteriae type 1 O antigen and identification of a glucosyltransferase gene

Prevention of Bacterial Diarrhea by Pasteurization of Drinking Water in Kenya

Cholera-like diarrhoea due to Salmonella infection

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