Simultaneous quantification of rubber, inulin, and resins in Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK) roots by sequential solvent extraction

Ramirez-Cadavid, David A.; Valles-Ramirez, Silvia; Cornish, Katrina; Michel, Frederick C.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.06.008

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Taraxacum kok-saghyz has been studied as an important alternative source of natural rubber, cis-1, 4-polyisopropene [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], a raw material that can be used for producing both industrial and medical products. TK rubber is especially valuable because it is renewable and of superior quality, presenting a uniformly high molecular weight polymer when compared with synthetic rubber [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has ideal agronomical properties for efficient production as an annual crop including fast development and high biomass production [ 17 ]. Capitalizing on research studies in TK domestication and rubber content extraction and analyses [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 20 ], a few companies have invested in the use of TK as an alternative rubber-producing crop [ 19 ]. Some studies also indicate that TK has the potential to be a source of additional important products, including inulin and proteins [ 14 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflorescence Development and Floral Organogenesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Schuchovski

Meulia

Sant’Anna-Santos

et al. 2020

Plants

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Rubber dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin; TK) has received attention for its natural rubber content as a strategic biomaterial, and a promising, sustainable, and renewable alternative to synthetic rubber from fossil carbon sources. Extensive research on the domestication and rubber content of TK has demonstrated TK’s potential in industrial applications as a relevant natural rubber and latex-producing alternative crop. However, many aspects of its biology have been neglected in published studies. For example, floral development is still poorly characterized. TK inflorescences were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Nine stages of early inflorescence development are proposed, and floral micromorphology is detailed. Individual flower primordia development starts at the periphery and proceeds centripetally in the newly-formed inflorescence meristem. Floral organogenesis begins in the outermost flowers of the capitulum, with corolla ring and androecium formation. Following, pappus primordium—forming a ring around the base of the corolla tube—and gynoecium are observed. The transition from vegetative to inflorescence meristem was observed 21 days after germination. This description of inflorescence and flower development in TK sheds light on the complex process of flowering, pollination, and reproduction. This study will be useful for genetics, breeding, systematics, and development of agronomical practices for this new rubber-producing crop.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflorescence Development and Floral Organogenesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Schuchovski

Meulia

Sant’Anna-Santos

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…As an herbaceous plant, T. kok-saghyz can grow broadly in temperate regions [ 14 ]. However, it cannot be planted as a commercial economic crop yet due to its limited yield [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arg.) has been nearly the only economic crop utilized as the commercial source to produce natural rubber [ 13 , 14 ]. However, rubber production ability in H. brasiliensis has almost reached the limit due to its limited genetic variability [ 15 , 16 ], threats of fatal fungal plant diseases [ 17 ], the strict tropical climate requirements for its planting areas [ 15 ], and the increasing labor cost [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TKS roots contains high-molecular-weight rubber molecules and their characteristics are comparable to those in the rubber latex of H. brasiliensis [ 18 , 19 ]. As an alternative rubber crop, TKS roots contain a high rubber content, ranging from 3% to 28% of their total dry weight [ 17 ], and they are also a new source of inulin (a linear β-(2-1)-linked fructan), which is another abundant dandelion metabolite stored in parenchymal root cell vacuoles near the phloem, adjacent to apoplastically separated laticifers, and is an important material for the food industry and bioethanol production [ 14 , 20 , 21 ]. In addition, TKS can widely grow in cold and temperate areas with a relatively short life cycle [ 17 ], and it is easy to harvest and perform genetic transformation and, thus, can be used as an ideal model plant for studying the gene functions for natural rubber biosynthesis [ 14 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Morphological Characteristics and Determination of Different Patterns for Rubber Particles in Dandelion and Different Rubber Grass Varieties

Yuan

Ding

et al. 2020

Plants

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Russian dandelion Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is one promising alternative crop for natural rubber production. However, it is easily confused with other dandelions. In this study, we performed a systematical comparison of the morphological characteristics for different TKS varieties and common dandelion Taraxacum officinale (TO). Our results demonstrated that several obvious differences in morphology can be found between TKS and TO. TO leaf is a pinnate shape, its margin is heavily jagged and its base is cuneate, but TKS leaf is more cuneate and its leaf margin is nearly smooth and round. There are obvious differences for the outer bracts of TO and TKS flower buds. TKS bracts are oblanceolate, apex obtuse, margin smooth and sinuate, and its outer layer of flower buds and faceplate involucre sepal is buckled inward to form a certain angle. TKS is self-incompatible, and its seeds are spindle-shaped achene and show upright plumpness. A large amount of laticifer cells and rubber particles can be detected from many TKS tissues, and dry roots of TKS contain high contents of natural rubber. Laticifer cells and rubber particles can only be examined in the vein, stem, and roots of TKS. Our statical results also revealed that the numbers of laticifer cells and rubber particles have a positive relationship with the rubber content in TKS roots. These morphological features can help us to easily distinguish TKS from common dandelion and approximately estimate the rubber content in the roots of different TKS varieties for TKS breeding in future.

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Development of novel processes for the aqueous extraction of natural rubber from Taraxacum kok‐saghyz (TK)

Ramirez-Cadavid

Cornish

Hathwaik

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK) is a rubber-producing plant being developed as a commercial alternative source of natural rubber (NR). The objective of this study was to investigate processes to extract high quality NR at high yield and purity from TK. Rubber is formed in the roots of TK and exists in mostly solid form. Previously used mechanical processes extract NR from TK roots at low purity (< 90%) that does not meet industry standards (≥ 99.8%). To improve this, the effects of root chopping, enzymatic hydrolysis, pebble milling and alkaline pretreatment and purification on NR yield, purity and quality were investigated. RESULTS: Enzymatic digestion (with and without alkaline pretreatment), yielded rubber at the highest yield (∼80%) and purity (99.4%). Alkaline pretreatment of roots improved NR yield and did not adversely affect quality. More rubber was extractable from chopped roots than whole roots, but the rubber was less pure. Alkaline purification of the extracted crude rubber further increased rubber purity but reduced rubber molecular weight. CONCLUSION: Enzymatic digestion with or without alkaline pretreatment forms the basis of aqueous processes that could be used for large-scale, efficient extraction of TK rubber at high yield, purity and quality to meet industry standards for NR.

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Simultaneous quantification of rubber, inulin, and resins in Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK) roots by sequential solvent extraction

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Inflorescence Development and Floral Organogenesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Inflorescence Development and Floral Organogenesis in Taraxacum kok-saghyz

Comparison of Morphological Characteristics and Determination of Different Patterns for Rubber Particles in Dandelion and Different Rubber Grass Varieties

Development of novel processes for the aqueous extraction of natural rubber from Taraxacum kok‐saghyz (TK)

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