Single cell analysis of lithium-ion e-bike batteries aged under various conditions

Oeser, David; Ziegler, Andreas; Ackva, Ansgar

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.06.101

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This question was also stated in Figure 3. The performance of battery packs, mostly Li-Ion batteries, are discussed in terms of aging in [55,57,[90][91][92][93], in terms of temperature impact in [94,95] and also of state of balance/ health [96], in terms of both aging and temperature of operation in [56], in terms of both aging and sizing in [97], and in terms of both aging and energy management/power estimation in [98][99][100]. Also, the experimental settlement has a strong influence on the outcomes reported, and for that reason we can find out contradictory results in many papers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…term) 4,5 Seconds-hours (short term, <1 h) 4 Hours-months 4, ** Minutes-days 4,5 Discharge time at power rating seconds-hours (up to 10 h) 4 * Response time refers to reactivity of fuel cells (FCs) after the startup period, which depends on the FC type, ** storage duration depends on the reservoir capacity, 1 according to reference [48], 2 according to reference [49], 3 according to reference [47], 4 according to reference [34], 5 according to reference [50], 6 according to reference [51]. [52], 2 according to reference [53], 3 according to reference [54], 4 according to reference [55], 5 according to reference [56], 6 according to reference [57], 7 according to reference [49], 8 according to reference [45], 9 according to reference [58], 10 according to reference [59], 11 according to reference [60], 12 according to reference [61], 13 according to reference [62], 14 according to references [62][63][64]. [65], 3 according to reference …”

Section: Performance Analysis Of Main Storage Solutions For Pevsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Machedon-Pisu

Borza

2019

Sustainability

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As the title suggests, the sustainability of personal electric vehicles is in question. In terms of life span, range, comfort, and safety, electric vehicles, such as e-cars and e-buses, are much better than personal electric vehicles, such as e-bikes. However, electric vehicles present greater costs and increased energy consumption. Also, the impact on environment, health, and fitness is more negative than that of personal electric vehicles. Since transportation vehicles can benefit from hybrid electric storage solutions, we address the following question: Is it possible to reach a compromise between sustainability and technology constraints by implementing a low-cost hybrid personal electric vehicle with improved life span and range that is also green? Our methodology consists of life cycle assessment and performance analyses tackling the facets of the sustainability challenges (economy, society, and environment) and limitations of the electric storage solutions (dependent on technology and application) presented herein. The hybrid electric storage system of the proposed hybrid e-bike is made of batteries, supercapacitors, and corresponding power electronics, allowing the optimal control of power flows between the system's components and application's actuators.Our hybrid e-bike costs less than a normal e-bike (half or less), does not depend on battery operation for short periods of time (a few seconds), has better autonomy than most personal electric vehicles (more than 60 km), has a greater life span (a few years more than a normal e-bike), has better energy efficiency (more than 90%), and is much cleaner due to the reduced number of batteries replaced per life time (one instead of two or three).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Analysis Of Main Storage Solutions For Pevsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Machedon-Pisu

Borza

2019

Sustainability

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“…If the battery is being discharged, the CLs always diverge due to their different capacities, regardless of how precisely the passive balancer has adjusted the voltages before. This disadvantage becomes more and more obvious as the number of cycles and therefore the difference in single CL capacities increases [25].…”

Section: Internal Resistance Increasementioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Cell to Cell Variation of Lithium-Ion Battery Packs During Operation

et al. 2021

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In this work, an experimental approach to reduce the variation from cell to cell during battery operation is evaluated to reach a better battery utilization. Numerous theoretical considerations of intelligent battery management systems without long-term experimental validation of their capabilities lead to a gap in the literature, which this work aims to address. For this purpose, the ageing behaviour of two batteries is investigated for almost 1.5 years. One battery is connected to an active balancing battery management system (BMS) and the other to a conventional passive balancing BMS. Important battery parameters, such as capacity and internal resistance, are recorded in each cycle. The battery behaviour is evaluated in detail by observing the voltage difference of the individual cells at the end of discharge and by calculating the amount of charge balanced by the BMS. Significant differences between the BMS systems used are elucidated, which illustrate the advantages of active balancing. In contrast to passive balancing, active balancing can reduce the ageing rate of the battery and achieve better utilization with a more than five times lower voltage spread at end of discharge, a up to 3.1% higher discharge capacity and a 7.7% longer service life.

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“…In this experiment, the cells (the cell 1p3 excluded) had a respective κ = 1.97%. According to Oeser et al [19], a battery with an SOH of 78% has a respective κ = 1.09%. The variation coefficient had a slightly higher, but nevertheless similar value to the related literature.…”

Section: Single Cell Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Run to Failure: Aging of Commercial Battery Cells beyond Their End of Life

et al. 2020

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The aim of this work is to age commercial battery cells far beyond their expected lifetime. There is a gap in the literature regarding run to failure tests of lithium-ion batteries that this work intends to address. Therefore, twenty new Samsung ICR18650-26F cells were aged as a battery pack in a run to failure test. Aging took place with a constant load current and a constant charge current to accelerate capacity decrease. Important aging parameters such as capacity and internal resistance were measured at each cycle to monitor their development. The end of the test was initiated by the explosion of a single battery cell, after which the battery pack was disassembled and all parameters of the still intact single cells were measured. The distribution of all measured capacities and internal resistances is displayed graphically. This clearly shows the influence of the exploded cell on the cells in its immediate vicinity. Selected cells from this area of the battery were subjected to computed tomography (CT) to detect internal defects. The X-rays taken with computed tomography showed clear damage within the jelly roll, as well as the triggered safety mechanisms.

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Single cell analysis of lithium-ion e-bike batteries aged under various conditions

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Reducing Cell to Cell Variation of Lithium-Ion Battery Packs During Operation

Run to Failure: Aging of Commercial Battery Cells beyond Their End of Life

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