Sintering: Fundamentals and Practice

Bordia, Rajendra K.; Camacho‐Montes, H.

doi:10.1002/9781118176665.ch1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Various approaches have been employed to create an effective diffusion barrier (interphase) between the thermoelectric material and the electrode, such as metallic thin film deposition [12,22], soldering [23], brazing [24], and metallization processes [11,25]. Recently, fabrication of bulk thermoelectric materials by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique has become more popular due to the fast sintering of high-quality dense products [26]. This technique has also been employed to bond electrodes to skutterudite [27,28] or magnesium silicide based thermoelectric materials [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step bonding of Ni electrode to n-type PbTe — A step towards fabrication of thermoelectric generators

et al. 2016

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PbTe-based thermoelectric materials are good candidates for harvesting waste heat at mid-range temperatures due to their high thermoelectric efficiencies. Excellent quality and reliability of the bonding between the thermoelectric material and the electrode at high temperatures are essential for manufacturing thermoelectric generators. Here, a technique has been developed to achieve high-quality bonding between PbTe and the electrode. We have successfully performed one-step sintering of nickel electrode to n-type PbTe powder using spark plasma sintering. The fabricated interphase, composed of nickel telluride, is continuous and homogeneous across the junction, without visible flaws on the electrode or in the interphase and PbTe. To evaluate the long-term thermal stability of the fabricated bond, an aging test was conducted at 823 K for 360 h under vacuum. The microstructures and chemical composition of the fabricated bonding and the aged sample were investigated in detail by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. No excess reaction was observed between the electrode and the thermoelectric material after aging, supporting the formation of a chemically stable interphase, which acts as a diffusion barrier. Degradation of the PbTe was detected after aging, however. The fabricated interface meets the required criteria for maximum efficiency of PbTe materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-step bonding of Ni electrode to n-type PbTe — A step towards fabrication of thermoelectric generators

et al. 2016

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“…The best quality of bricks depends on the types of clay raw materials used and the firing temperature during their production, because both of these parameters affect the quality and durability of bricks (Mostaghelchi et al, 2013;Johari et al, 2010;Rasmussen et al, 2012;Dunham et al, 2001;Dondi et al, 1999). It is said that the durability (i. e., mechanical strength) of the clay brick samples depends mainly on their mineralogical composition and physical properties like water absorption capacity, porosity, density and so on (Bordia and Camacho-Montes, 2012). The mineralogical, physical and mechanical properties of the fired bricks are generally interrelated to each others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of firing temperature on physico-mechanical properties of contemporary clay brick productions in Lalitpur, Nepal

Bohara

Ghale

Chapagain

et al. 2020

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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Effect of firing temperature on some physico-mechanical properties of ten brick samples, those were composed by feldspars, quartz, alumina-rich spinel, primary mullite and hematite phases, was investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The brick samples fired between 700° to 1100° C showed 11-23 % water adsorptivity (WA), 19-37 % apparent porosity (AP) and 1.50-1.65 g/cm3 bulk density (BD) indicate good physical properties. The maximum compressive strength (CS) of the fired-bricks at 950° to 1000° C was found to be between 15.6 and 17.1 MPa. At 700°-1000° C firing temperatures, the CS of these bricks is found to be increased exponentially with decreasing of both WA and AP, however it is found to be increased with increasing the BD. Consequently, it can be said that there is good correlation between mechanical and physical properties of the fired-brick samples up to the firing temperature of 1000° C. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.55(1), 43-52, 2020

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“…A series of mineralogical phase transformation occurs during the firing of natural clay materials [11,12]. The Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , which vary with clay types, are responsible for the refractoriness, shrinkage, and plasticity properties of clay bricks [13] The main mineralogical compositions of Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , which vary with clay types, of the raw materials for the fired-clay brick production are responsible for their refractoriness, shrinkage, and plasticity properties [13]. An increase of Al 2 O 3 content mostly impacts on increasing the refractoriness and mechanical strength of the clay bricks [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case study on mineralogy and physico-mechanical properties of commercial bricks produced in Nepal

et al. 2020

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Uses of clay brick have practiced since ancient times in the Kathmandu valley of Nepal as structural materials for the construction of historical monuments, temples, and even modern buildings so on. However, their durability and sustainability properties are less studied scientifically in Nepal. Taking into consideration, analysis of mineralogical phases and physico-mechanical properties of modern clay bricks of Nepal was carried out using X-ray powder diffraction as well as Fourier transform infra-red techniques, and American Standards for Testing Materials standards, respectively. Quartz, feldspars, alumina-rich spinel, muscovite, primary mullite, and hematite are constituent in the bricks. Appearance of the spinel and primary mullite phases in burnt brick samples with diminishing feldspar peaks were to be different, indicating that the temperature applied for the making of these clay bricks presumed to be between 900 and 1050 °C. All the commercially used contemporary brick samples analyzed herein could be of II and III classes based on the estimated physical and mechanical properties. They showed the water absorption capacity (W AC ), apparent porosity (P A ), bulk density (D B ), and compressive strength (S C ) in the range of 5-30%, 10-40%, 1.1-2.15 g/cm 3 , and 3.35-10.53 MPa, respectively, and these properties have a reasonable correlation. The S C is to be decreased exponentially with increasing both the W AC and P A and increased exponentially with D B .

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Sintering: Fundamentals and Practice

Cited by 10 publications

References 83 publications

One-step bonding of Ni electrode to n-type PbTe — A step towards fabrication of thermoelectric generators

One-step bonding of Ni electrode to n-type PbTe — A step towards fabrication of thermoelectric generators

Effect of firing temperature on physico-mechanical properties of contemporary clay brick productions in Lalitpur, Nepal

A case study on mineralogy and physico-mechanical properties of commercial bricks produced in Nepal

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