Sintering mechanism of the CaF₂ on hydroxyapatite by a 10.6‐lμm CO₂ laser

Abstract

In this study, we proposed the interrelationship of the eutectics between initiator (CaF(2)) and the reaction product (calcium hydroxide) that reduced the sintering temperature. It appeared that the co-eutectics interacted to reduce the sintering temperature of hydroxyapatite below 800 degrees C and that the key eutectic was calcium hydroxide. The clinical feasibility of the melting and re-crystallization of hydroxyapatite under 10.6-microm CO(2) laser would be therefore enhanced.

Microhardness and SEM after CO2 laser irradiation or fluoride treatment in human and bovine enamel

“…In the present study, photomicrographs showed that CO 2 laser irradiation fused the surface, creating a smooth recrystallized aspect. Fusion between hexagonal shaped crystals of enamel surface after 10.6‐μm CO 2 laser treatment was also observed under SEM by Wu et al (2002). However, other researches reported that fusion of enamel surface is not necessary to increase the resistance to demineralization (Hsu et al,2001; Kantorowitz et al,1998; McCormack et al,1995).…”

The Influence of Post Bleaching Treatments in Stain Absorption and Microhardness

“…We attempted to select parameters that were as closely as possible to those suggested by Esteves-Oliveria et al [ 15 ] which were shown to cause as much as 81% caries inhibition in vitro without any damage to enamel surface. It seems that fractional CO 2 laser following absorption, there would be a high temperature increase in the surface and near the surface enamel layers, which results in structural and chemical alterations of enamel including decomposition of organic matrix, reduction of carbonate content, and fusion and recrystallization of hydroxyapatite crystals [ 10 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Surface and mineral changes of enamel with different remineralizing agents in conjunction with carbon-dioxide laser

“…This firmly bound fluoride minimizes the mineral loss from the enamel surface thereby making it more resistant to acid attack. [17,18] The results of our study have been discussed under subheadings of TMC, calcium/phosphate ratio and fluoride retention.…”