SiO₂Nanoparticule-induced size-dependent genotoxicity – anin vitrostudy using sister chromatid exchange, micronucleus and comet assay

Abstract

Fine particles with a characteristic size smaller than 100 nm (i.e. nanoparticlesspread out in nowadays life. Silicon or Si, is one of the most abundant chemical elements found on the Earth. Its oxide forms, such as silicate (SiO4) and silicon dioxide, also known as silica (SiO2), are the main constituents of sand and quartz contributing to 90% of the Earth's crust. In this work, three genotoxicity systems "sister chromatid exchange, cytokinesis block micronucleus test and single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay" were employed to provide further insight into the cytotoxic and mutagenic/genotoxic potential of SiO2 nanoparticules (particle size 6 nm, 20 nm, 50 nm) in cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes as in vitro. It was observed that there is a significant decrease in Mitotic index (MI), Cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI), proliferation index (PRI) values expressed as Cell Kinetic parameters compared with negative control (p < 0.05). There is a statistically significant difference between negative control culture and culture exposed to SiO2 (6 nm, 20 nm, 50 nm) (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively). It is found that SiO2 nanoparticles at different size (6, 20, 50 nm) progressively increased the SCE frequency and DNA damage on the basis the AU values compared with negative control (p < 0.05). Results showed that the genotoxic/mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of SiO2 nanoparticules is dependent to particule size.

Increased DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress Among Silver Jewelry Workers

“…Okada suggested prolonged activation of inflammatory cells generates ROS that can damage DNA and contribute to carcinogenesis in chronic inflammatory disease [28]. Besides, metal particles may induce other cellular responses that in turn lead to genotoxicity, such as causing oxidative stress, inflammation, and aberrant signaling responses [29,30]. In our study, comet assay results indicated silver particles cause significant genotoxicity in mononuclear leukocytes in silver jewelry workers (Figs.…”

Interaction of Nanoparticles with Blood Components and Associated Pathophysiological Effects

“…Nanoparticle size seems to influence toxicity. Studies involving peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with SiO 2 nanoparticles of different sizes (6,20, and 50 nm) induced size-dependent cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects [54].…”

Protective role of eugenol on arsenic induced oxidative DNA damage and modulatory effect of GSTO2 polymorphism

“…Comet assay (Singh, McCoy, Tice, & Schneider, 1988) is another rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive biomarker for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of DNA damage in any accessible cells. It have been recommended as a reliable biomarker for the analysis of genotoxicity and for screening of novel cosmetics and drugs testing by the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals Substances program of the European Commission (REACH) and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (Azqueta & Dusinska, 2015;Battal et al, 2015;Ferraro, Anselmi-Tamburini, Tredici, Ricci, & Sommi, 2016;Speit & Rothfuss, 2012). In this assay, a damaged cell visualized as a comet, with distinct head and tail regions.…”