Six-circle diffractometer with atmosphere- and temperature-controlled sample stage and area and line detectors for use in the G2 experimental station at CHESS

Abstract

A new diffractometer system was designed and built for the G2 experimental station at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). A six-circle κ goniometer, which provides better access to reciprocal space compared to Eulerian cradles, was chosen primarily to perform large angle Bragg diffraction on samples with preferred crystallographic orientations, and can access both horizontal and vertical diffraction planes. A new atmosphere- and temperature-controlled sample stage was designed for thin film thermomechanical experiments. The stage can be operated in ultrahigh vacuum and uses a Be dome x-ray window to provide access to all scattering vectors above a sample’s horizon. A novel design minimizes sample displacements during thermal cycling to less than 160μm over 900°C and the stage is motorized for easy height adjustments, which can be used to compensate for displacements from thermal expansion. A new area detector was built and a new line detector was purchased. Both detectors cover a large region in reciprocal space, providing the ability to measure time-resolved phenomena. A detailed description of the design and technical characteristics is given. Some capabilities of the diffractometer system are illustrated by a strain analysis on a thin metal film and characterization of organic thin films with grazing incidence diffraction. The G2 experimental station, as part of CHESS, is a national user facility and is available to external users by application.

Driving forces for texture transformation in thin Ag films

“…Texture volume fractions were determined in-situ during annealing using synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD). The bulge tester was mounted in a 6-circle κ goniometer [20] at the G2 beamline of the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). The X-ray beam from a Be crystal monochromator had a LaB 6 (NIST SRM 660) calibrated wavelength of 1.2952 Å and a bandwidth of approximately 0.1%.…”

Controlled Deposition of Highly Ordered Soluble Acene Thin Films: Effect of Morphology and Crystal Orientation on Transistor Performance

“…[13] To gain better understanding of the orientation of the TIPS-PEN molecules we performed in-plane grazing incidence diffraction measurements using synchrotron radiation. [14] The resulting data are shown in Figure 3. We observe To gauge the quality and general applicability of these crystalline films with controlled orientation, we dip-coated TIPS-PEN on Si(nþþ)-SiO 2 substrates with photo-lithographically patterned Au source-drain electrodes.…”

“…Grazing incidence XRD measurements were performed at the G2 station of the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) [14]. The sample was irradiated with an incidence angle of 0.158, which is well below the critical angle of total reflection.…”

Chemical vapor deposition of anisotropic ultrathin gold films on optical fibers: real-time sensing by tilted fiber Bragg gratings and use of a dielectric pre-coating

“…Grazing incidence diffraction (GID) studies were carried out on G2-line at CHESS on a 6-circle diffractometer. Energies between 8 and 16 keV are available for use 13 and in this study, only the sample angle (μ) was rotated during analysis of the gold diffraction rings at indices (200) and (220). Data was post-processed on Matlab using an x-ray utilities package and plotted in reciprocal space.…”