“…In 1953, Wallace H. Coulter [27] invented the Coulter counter technique, achieving the detection of certain micron-sized entities (e. g., cells and bacteria). In addition to the developments in nanometre-scale fabrication technology, various biological, solidstate nanopore and/or nanochannel resistive-pulse sensors have emerged and grown to be a powerful and influential technique for single-entity analysis both in fundamental studies and in practical applications, [14,[30][31][32] achieving the successful detection of hard particles, [33,34] emulsions, [35] microgels [36][37][38] and biological entities. In addition to the developments in nanometre-scale fabrication technology, various biological, solidstate nanopore and/or nanochannel resistive-pulse sensors have emerged and grown to be a powerful and influential technique for single-entity analysis both in fundamental studies and in practical applications, [14,[30][31][32] achieving the successful detection of hard particles, [33,34] emulsions, [35] microgels [36][37][38] and biological entities.…”