Size of Family and Adjustment of Children

Hawkes, Glenn R.; Burchinal, Lee G.; Gardner, Bruce L.

doi:10.2307/347368

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The fact that Hawkes et al (1958) failed to obtam similar birth-order differences m adjustment scores obtamed from a sample of fifth-graders may be partly a function of differences in samplmg Hawkes and his colleagues used a somewhat specialized sample consistmg of rural children, all of whom hved in homes where both natural parents were present The urban subjects of the present study, with their variations m hvmg conditions, are probably more representative of the general population of schoolchildren. The difference m mstruments used m the two studies cannot be discounted as a factor m the discrepant findmgs either, although the Rogers and the Cahfomia tests of personality are reasonably similar m content…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…He concluded that the empirical evidence available suggests that there is a "relatively low" positive correlation between the child's socioeconomic status and his personality adjustment (Sewell, 1961, pp 349-350) Sewell (1956 and Hawkes et al (1958) both found a low negative relationship between family size and personality adjustment. Moreover, like the present authors, Hawkes et al found that even this modest effect of family size overshadowed any effects of birth order NEW DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Developmental study of ordinal position and personality adjustment of the child as evaluated by the California Test of Personality1

Lessing

Oberlander

1967

J Personality

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Adler (1927) theonzed that differential parent-child interactions are partially determined by the ordinal position of a given child He proposed that the child's subsequent personality organization reflects the behavior pattems evolved in response to the distinctive experiences he had by virtue of occupying a particular position withm the family constellation Nevertheless, efforts to correlate ordmal position with mental health status have yielded markedly mconsistent and mconclusive findmgs among both adult and child populations (eg, see Jones, 1933, Murphy, Murphy, & Newcomb, 1937 Studies mvolvmg children have been particularly sparse, with the majority of mvestigations antedatmg the development of modem personality tests and multivariate statistical methods of dealmg with complex vanables Rosenow and White (1931), Wile andDavis (1941), andPhillips (1956) found that first-boms were overrepresented m child guidance clmic populations However, PhiUips warned that the mother's mexperience rather than greater psychopathology among first-boms might account for the differential rates of clmic usage Moreover, Levy (1931) failed to find overrepresentation of any birth-order group m the clmic population he studied Similarly, Bennett (i960) found no differential mcidence of first-boms or later-boms among either her dehnquent or neurotic samples Consideration of actual symptomatology produces no greater 1 The authors would like to express appreciabon to Herman Diesenhaus and Jack Becktel for statistical consultation and to Noel Jenkin for valuable comments and suggestions

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Developmental study of ordinal position and personality adjustment of the child as evaluated by the California Test of Personality1

Lessing

Oberlander

1967

J Personality

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“…Nevertheless, further support for better adjustment in large families has come from Elder (9) and Henry (12). Hawkes et al (11) reported on the relationship between family size and adjustment, as measured by the Rogers test. Contrary to Bossard and Boll, the authors found that children from smaller families had better adjustment scores.…”

Section: B Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 96%

“…The authors, however, have been criticized for their sampling technique (11). For example, in the original study, very general open-ended questionnaires were used.…”

Section: B Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Ordinal Position, Family Size, and Personal Adjustment

Swanson

Massey

Payne

1972

The Journal of Psychology

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School adjustment problems of children from small vs. Large families

Searcy-Miller

Cowen

Terrell

1977

J. Community Psychol.

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Primary grade children from small (two children) and large (five or more children) families were compared on teacher ratings of school maladjustment. Children from small families, referred to a school mental health program, scored as significantly more maladjusted than referred large‐family children on Aggression and Acting‐out problems. Conversely, children from large families had significantly more serious Learning problems. Thus, each group had predominant types of school adjustment problems.

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Size of Family and Adjustment of Children

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Developmental study of ordinal position and personality adjustment of the child as evaluated by the California Test of Personality1

Developmental study of ordinal position and personality adjustment of the child as evaluated by the California Test of Personality1

Ordinal Position, Family Size, and Personal Adjustment

School adjustment problems of children from small vs. Large families

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