“…Consistent with this assumption, women who were told that they were selected for a task on the basis of their gender have been shown to rate their performance more negatively (Heilman & Alcott, 2001;Heilman, Lucas, & Kaplow, 1990;Heilman, Simon, & Repper, 1987), be more willing to relinquish their role (Heilman et al, 1990;Heilman et al, 1987), shy away from demanding tasks (Heilman, Rivero, & Brett, 1991), and perform more poorly (Brown, Charnsangavej, Keough, Newman, & Rentfrow, 2000; for reviews see Crosby, 2004;Turner & Pratkanis, 1994). Much of the aforementioned research has, however, experimentally juxtaposed being assigned a task based on merit with assignment based solely, and arbitrarily, on gender (for exceptions, see Brown et al, 2000;Major, Feinstein, & Crocker, 1994).…”