Small behavioral science–informed changes can produce large policy-relevant effects

Cialdini, Robert B.; Martin, Steve; Goldstein, Noah J.

doi:10.1353/bsp.2015.0008

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…(£560 million out of £650 million owed), compared to a clearance rate of 57% the previous year (£290 million out of £510 million owed; Cialdini, Martin, & Goldstein, 2015).…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debiasing Decisions

Morewedge¹,

Yoon²,

Scopelliti

et al. 2015

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

283

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This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Tweet: A single training intervention with an instructional game or video produced large and persistent reductions in decision bias. Permanent repository link Debiasing Decisions 3Highlights:• Biases in judgment and decision making create predictable errors in domains such as intelligence analysis, policy, law, medicine, business, and private life• Debiasing interventions can be effective, inexpensive methods to improve decision making and reduce the costly errors that decision biases produce• We found a short, single training intervention (i.e., playing a computer game or watching a video) produced persistent reductions in six cognitive biases critical to intelligence analysis• Training appears to be an effective debiasing intervention to add to existing interventions such as improvements in incentives, information presentation, and how decisions are elicited (nudges)Debiasing Decisions 4 "Indeed, it appears that in some instances analysts' presumptions were so firm that they simply disregarded evidence that did not support their hypotheses. As we saw in several instances, when confronted with evidence that indicated Iraq did not have WMD, analysts tended to discount such information. Rather than weighing the evidence independently, analysts accepted information that fit the prevailing theory and rejected information that contradicted it.

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“…(£560 million out of £650 million owed), compared to a clearance rate of 57% the previous year (£290 million out of £510 million owed; Cialdini, Martin, & Goldstein, 2015).…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Debiasing Decisions

Morewedge¹,

Yoon²,

Scopelliti

et al. 2015

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

283

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, a large body of research has found that “perceived scientific agreement” is a key determinant of the public's opinion on climate change . In a complex and uncertain world, people often look to experts for guidance . Accordingly, research has found that in the absence of motivation to cognitively elaborate on a message, people tend to heuristically rely on consensus cues to form judgments about sociopolitical issues, particularly because doing so is often socially adaptive, as “consensus implies correctness.” In fact, people prefer to take cues from the combined judgment of multiple experts .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change

et al. 2017

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Effectively addressing climate change requires significant changes in individual and collective human behavior and decision‐making. Yet, in light of the increasing politicization of (climate) science, and the attempts of vested‐interest groups to undermine the scientific consensus on climate change through organized “disinformation campaigns,” identifying ways to effectively engage with the public about the issue across the political spectrum has proven difficult. A growing body of research suggests that one promising way to counteract the politicization of science is to convey the high level of normative agreement (“consensus”) among experts about the reality of human‐caused climate change. Yet, much prior research examining public opinion dynamics in the context of climate change has done so under conditions with limited external validity. Moreover, no research to date has examined how to protect the public from the spread of influential misinformation about climate change. The current research bridges this divide by exploring how people evaluate and process consensus cues in a polarized information environment. Furthermore, evidence is provided that it is possible to pre‐emptively protect (“inoculate”) public attitudes about climate change against real‐world misinformation.

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“…BE tools tend to focus on individual cognitive biases rather than cultural orientation and social network dynamics (Leggett, 2014;Davis et al, 2015;Van Der Linden, 2018), which constantly influence people's choices (Boudon, 1981;Bourdieu & Passeron, 1990;Weber, 1999;Täube, 2004;Barden, 2015). Adding this broader perspective to the redesign of preventative interventions can enhance their effectiveness (Cialdini et al, 2015;Public Health England, 2018;Van Der Linden, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and social sciences to enhance the efficacy of health promotion interventions: redesigning the role of professionals and people

Pennucci

Rosis

Murante

et al. 2019

Behav. Public Policy

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Evidence on the effectiveness of health promotion interventions is mixed, especially in terms of the magnitude of their impact and long-term adherence. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach informed by behavioural economics of developing behavioural change programmes, which is designed to educate, activate, engage and empower people by taking into consideration individual and social mechanisms. Three applied pilots and their results are presented in order to illustrate the approach using cognitive and social mechanisms to lead to better health outcomes, individually and community-wide. More research is needed to explore levers and barriers for the systemic adoption of this framework in implementing health promotion interventions.

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Small behavioral science–informed changes can produce large policy-relevant effects

Cited by 27 publications

References 50 publications

Debiasing Decisions

Debiasing Decisions

Inoculating the Public against Misinformation about Climate Change

Behavioural and social sciences to enhance the efficacy of health promotion interventions: redesigning the role of professionals and people

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