Smart Manufacturing Process of Carbon-Based Low-Dimensional Structures and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Engineering Applications

Abstract

Reinforced polymers have gained a significant interest in the research community in recent years due to their enhanced performance as compared to their parent polymers. Nanosized reinforcement-based polymer composites have shown a considerable enhancement in performance as compared to micro-/macrosized fillers. But achieving a high degree of filler alignment in nanocomposites via conventional manufacturing techniques continues to be a challenging task. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a possible solution to this challenge and has undergone a significant development in recent years. AM is an efficient technique to fabricate nanocomposites in complex shapes which uses a layer-by-layer method to fabricate materials and thereby eliminates the need for multi-step processing and the use of fasteners/joints to fabricate complex structures. Due to a wide range of properties and the existence of carbon in a variety of forms, carbon fillerbased polymer matrix composites are suitable for applications in several technical sectors. AM of carbonbased structures and fiber-reinforced polymer composites enables the production of highly customized parts with a high degree of filler alignment. AM techniques which are generally employed for the fabrication of carbon-based fillers/fiber-reinforced polymer composites are fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, direct ink writing and selective laser sintering. Although AM techniques are efficient, some critical issues such as voids and defects between interlayers, the low adhesion strength between filaments, part curling and insufficient curing of layers need to be addressed to utilize its full potential.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/thermoplastic polyurethane flexible and 3D printable conductive composites

“…In this framework, the development of electrically conductive polymer composites (ECPCs) filaments are an important example for the manufacturing of multi‐functional components using FFF technique. The addition of carbonaceous nanofillers in materials for additive manufacturing has been recently explored 11 . Various fillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), 5,6,9,12–14 carbon black (CB), 8 graphene (GR) 15–17 and others, have been added to polymer matrices to improve the electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, modulus of elasticity and toughness of components fabricated by FFF.…”

“…The addition of carbonaceous nanofillers in materials for additive manufacturing has been recently explored. 11 Various fillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), 5,6,9,[12][13][14] carbon black (CB), 8 graphene (GR) [15][16][17] and others, have been added to polymer matrices to improve the electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, modulus of elasticity and toughness of components fabricated by FFF. These materials have the potential to be used in several technological applications, including chemical sensors, 6 flexible electronic devices, 1,5,9,15,18 electrical circuit printing, 8,19 electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding.…”

Structural and Functional Adaptive Artificial Bone: Materials, Fabrications, and Properties

“…[144] Codispersion can be used to increase the spatial distance of lowdimensional nano materials through their interactions, which weaken the interaction forces between nano materials to inhibit the agglomeration of low-dimensional nano materials. [146][147][148] In nanotubes/nanosheets composite structure consisting of CNTS and GO nanosheets, long tubular CNTS were inserted between the inner layers of GO nanosheets, inhibiting the stacking of GO nanosheets. [147] In situ growth enable one nano material to selectively anchor on the surface of another nano material, and eventually grow uniformly on the matrix material, forming a steric effect to promote the dispersion of the two.…”

Effect of Sonication on the Properties of Composite Polypyrrole/Microcellulose and Its Potential as a Capacitor

“…The isolated microcellulose was used to make PPy/microcellulose composites by an oxidative method. Pyrrole is added to microcellulose with the help of sonication to disperse the pyrrole solution on microcellulose so that the polymerization process on microcellulose becomes evenly distributed (Srivastava et al, 2020). FeCl3 is an oxidator that will make the pyrrole monomers into radical active cations, thus forming a bond a b c…”