Smart polymers and nanocomposites for 3D and 4D printing

Falahati, Mojtaba; Ahmadvand, Parvaneh; Safaee, Shahriar; Chang, Yu‐Chung; Lyu, Zhaoyuan; Chen, Roland; Li, Lei; Lin, Yuehe

doi:10.1016/j.mattod.2020.06.001

Cited by 181 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 295 publications

(321 reference statements)

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“…Sensors are one example that uses conductive composites with 3D and 4D printability [ 268 , 318 , 319 ]. By integrating a 3D printed thermo-responsive hydrogel with submillimeter precision, Lei et al produced a multifunctional and mechanically compliant skin-inspired sensor [ 320 ]. The double network hydrogels were made using a micellar copolymerization process in which hydrophobic n-octadecyl acrylate (C18) and N, Ndimethylacrylamide (DMA) were mixed in a NaCl aqueous solution to produce composite networks with physically crosslinked crystalline domains embedded in a covalent network.…”

Section: Applications Of 4d Printed Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications

et al. 2021

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In recent years, smart/stimuli-responsive hydrogels have drawn tremendous attention for their varied applications, mainly in the biomedical field. These hydrogels are derived from different natural and synthetic polymers but are also composite with various organic and nano-organic fillers. The basic functions of smart hydrogels rely on their ability to change behavior; functions include mechanical, swelling, shaping, hydrophilicity, and bioactivity in response to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, magnetic field, electromagnetic radiation, and biological molecules. Depending on the final applications, smart hydrogels can be processed in different geometries and modalities to meet the complicated situations in biological media, namely, injectable hydrogels (following the sol-gel transition), colloidal nano and microgels, and three dimensional (3D) printed gel constructs. In recent decades smart hydrogels have opened a new horizon for scientists to fabricate biomimetic customized biomaterials for tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, soft robotic actuators, and controlled release of bioactive substances/drugs. Remarkably, 4D bioprinting, a newly emerged technology/concept, aims to rationally design 3D patterned biological matrices from synthesized hydrogel-based inks with the ability to change structure under stimuli. This technology has enlarged the applicability of engineered smart hydrogels and hydrogel composites in biomedical fields. This paper aims to review stimuli-responsive hydrogels according to the kinds of external changes and t recent applications in biomedical and 4D bioprinting.

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Section: Applications Of 4d Printed Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications

et al. 2021

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“…3D printing is a popular technology to obtain complex 3D structure devices without the typical waste in recent years [ 130 ]. Various printing techniques have been employed to fabricate polymer composites, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), powder bed and inkjet head 3D printing (3DP), stereolithography (SLA), 3D plotting/direct-write and others new techniques are still in development [ 131 ].…”

Section: Toolboxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Toolbox” for the Processing of Functional Polymer Composites

et al. 2021

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The processing methods of functional polymer composites (FPCs) are systematically summarized in “Toolbox”. The relationship of processing method-structure-property is discussed and the selection and combination of tools in processing among different FPCs are analyzed. A promising prospect is provided regarding the design principle for high performance FPCs for further investigation. Functional polymer composites (FPCs) have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities. These functionalities are largely determined by functional fillers and their network morphology in polymer matrix. In recent years, a large number of studies on morphology control and interfacial modification have been reported, where numerous preparation methods and exciting performance of FPCs have been reported. Despite the fact that these FPCs have many similarities because they are all consisting of functional inorganic fillers and polymer matrices, review on the overall progress of FPCs is still missing, and especially the overall processing strategy for these composites is urgently needed. Herein, a “Toolbox” for the processing of FPCs is proposed to summarize and analyze the overall processing strategies and corresponding morphology evolution for FPCs. From this perspective, the morphological control methods already utilized for various FPCs are systematically reviewed, so that guidelines or even predictions on the processing strategies of various FPCs as well as multi-functional polymer composites could be given. This review should be able to provide interesting insights for the field of FPCs and boost future intelligent design of various FPCs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5.

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“…Printing techniques allow the conception of patterns with tailored electrical properties on a large range of substrates compatible with flexible and wearable devices. [ 6 ] Screen‐printing, in which screen masks are used to deposit the inks in specifically designed patterns onto a substrate, is a widely used technique with great potential for printed electronics applications. [ 7 ] Flexible and transparent tailored design electronics are essential for novel generations of device applications, such as soft robotics, multitouch panels, or bionic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, water‐soluble polymers as a base for the development multifunctional printable composites appear as a suitable alternative for ink formulation due to their easy processing with environmental‐friendly approach. Cellulose is the most common renewable natural polymer of the planet, [ 6a ] being a good material to be used as a binder in functional and conductive inks. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a biocompatible polymer (ideal for bionic and human–machine interfaces), which is obtained through cellulose etherification, [ 19 ] is used in the form of its sodium salt that is readily soluble or dispersible in water or alkaline solutions to form highly viscous solutions useful for their thickening, suspending, and stabilizing properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmentally Friendly Graphene‐Based Conductive Inks for Multitouch Capacitive Sensing Surfaces

Correia

Marques²,

Sousa³

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Conductive graphene‐based inks can be tailored for functional applications and, in particular, for printed electronics. Transparent, flexible, and easy printable materials are nowadays increasingly required for sensing applications. In this context, a capacitive multitouch sensing surface is developed using conductive graphene nanoparticles‐based ink with carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder. The rheological properties of the ink are tailored to be printed by the screen‐printing technique. The touchscreen is based on printed conductive lines and columns and thus the characteristics of the printed lines are optimized based on the line width and number of printing steps. The optimal printed conditions are 0.5 mm of width and five printing steps, leading to electrical resistance of 2.4 kΩ. The screen‐printed flexible touchscreen is composed of 40 columns × 28 rows. An electric circuit and a graphic interface are also developed leading to an 8” touchscreen with multitouch capabilities and fast signal processing.

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Smart polymers and nanocomposites for 3D and 4D printing

Cited by 181 publications

References 295 publications

Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications

Smart and Biomimetic 3D and 4D Printed Composite Hydrogels: Opportunities for Different Biomedical Applications

“Toolbox” for the Processing of Functional Polymer Composites

Environmentally Friendly Graphene‐Based Conductive Inks for Multitouch Capacitive Sensing Surfaces

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