Smart Tourism Applications

Abstract

ÖZETTeknolojinin turizmde yaygın kullanımı sonucunda teknolojiye, kaliteye ve çevreye dayalı yeni bir yaklaşım olarak akıllı turizmin ortaya çıktığı gözlenmektedir. Literatürde çeşitli tanımlar olmasına rağmen akıllı turizm kavramı için ortak bir tanımın henüz oluşmadığı görülmektedir. Bu kapsamda, akıllı turizm için yapılan tanımlar ve açıklamalar doğrultusunda bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri, akıllı destinasyon ve akıllı otel ifadelerinin ön plana çıktığı görülmüştür. Literatür derlemesi niteliğindeki bu çalışmanın amacı, akıllı turizm kavramına ilişkin literatürü ve turizm sektöründeki uygulamaları inceleyerek özellikle Türkçe literatüre katkı sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak, literatür detaylı olarak incelenerek; akıllı turizme yönelik literatürde bulunan farklı tanımlamalara yer verilmiş, literatürde ön plana çıkan akıllı destinasyon ve akıllı otel kavramları da incelenmiştir. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri kapsamında değerlendirilen akıllı turizm tanımlarında daha yoğun olarak mobil uygulamalar, akıllı telefonlar, sosyal medya ve internet üzerinde durulduğu, çevreci anlayışın göz ardı edildiği tespit edilmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler: akıllı turizm, akıllı destinasyon, akıllı otel.Jel kodu: Z30, Z31, Z32, Z33 ABSTRACTThe concept of smart tourism has emerged as a new approach based on technology, environment and quality. Although there are various 'smart tourism' definitions in literature, a common definition is not seen yet. In the direction of the definitions and explanations of smart tourism, it is seen that information and communication technologies (ICT), smart destination and smart hotel are the forefront expressions. The purpose of this study is to investigate both the different 'smart tourism' definitions and the different smart tourism practices. In this way, it is aimed to make a contribution to the literature, especially Turkish literature. In this study, first of all, the literature was reviewed in detail and the different definitions of smart tourism were written as well as the concepts of smart destination and smart hotel were examined. As a result, it is determined that the definitions of smart tourism within the scope of ICT is based on mobile applications, smart phones, social media and internet whereas environmental understanding is ignored.

The impact of smart destination implementations in Malaga

“…Due to the fact that smart destination is a new concept and it is important to convey the collected data in detail and directly (Yildirim and Simsek, 2011: 48), the research method was qualitative research and the interview technique was a data collection technique. The semi-structured interview questions were prepared (by using the studies of Aref, 2011; Nam and Pardo, 2011; Wang et al , 2013; Buhalis and Amaranggana, 2014; UNWTO, 2015; Gretzel et al , 2015a, p. 180; Gretzel et al , 2015b; Boes et al , 2016a; Boes et al , 2016b; Nabben et al , 2016; Anthopoulos, 2017; Celik and Topsakal, 2017; Huertas and Moreno, 2017; Jovicic, 2017; UNWTO, 2017; Nguyen et al , 2017; Arslan Ayazlar, 2018; Liberato et al , 2018; UNWTO, 2018; Vecchio et al , 2018; Yalcinkaya et al , 2018a; Yalcinkaya et al , 2018b; European Capital of Smart Tourism, 2021; Ivars-Baidal et al , 2021) for the first time for this research based on both secondhand sources in the literature and the opinions of academicians specializing in smart destination and qualitative research. Questions were created based on the following points: the tourism activities of Malaga; general perspective on smart tourism; European Capital of Smart Tourism Competition and Malaga’s success; the impacts of smart tourism on the destination, local people and tourists; the environmental quality of Malaga; the mobility of Malaga; shared economy applications; how conscious Malaga people are about technology, environment or tourism; social and cultural life in Malaga; the life quality of disabled people in Malaga; the job opportunities and economic conditions in Malaga; reasons why tourists prefer Malaga and the role of smart tourism on tourists’ preference; the most important problems that tourists can experience in Malaga; and tourist loyalty in Malaga. …”

“…As a consequence of smart tourism, most tourism components have been integrated with smart understanding and new concepts are formed such as smart destination, smart hotel and smart tourist. Major applications include mobile applications, interactive kiosks, voice technology, wearable technology, AI, AR and VR (Yalcinkaya et al , 2018b, pp. 42–46).…”

An Economic Approach to Smart Tourism (Tourism 4.0) Technologies: The Case of Türkiye

“…Akıllı turizme ilişkin gelişmeler, turistlerin tanınmasını ve onlara uygun seçeneklerin sunulmasını kolaytırıcı niteliktedir. Nitekim akıllı turizm faaliyetleri, müşteri memnuniyetini artırarak rekabet üstünlüğünü sağlamakta; kâr marjını artırarak ise maliyetlerin azalmasını olanaklı kılmaktadır (Yalçınkaya, Atay, & Karakaş, 2018). Nitekim bu çalışmada vurgulandığı üzere Türkiye'de de akıllı turizm (Turizm 4.0) ile yaşanan teknolojik dönüşümlerin, bir ülkeye gelen turist sayısı, turizm gelirleri ve turizm gelirlerinin gayri safi yurt içi hasıla (GSYH) içindeki payını artırarak ekonomiye katkıda bulunması beklenmektedir.…”

The potential offered by smart cities to promote smart tourist destinations

“…At the same time, research shows that smart tourism is linked to the six components of smart city mentioned above. For example, transport companies that provide services in the tourism sector are associated with smart mobility; and with the development of the tourism sector, the increasing number of skilled employees affects the intelligent human component and thus connects intelligent tourism with intelligent people, intelligent mobility, intelligent environment and intelligent life categories [24], hence intelligent tourism appears as one of the objectives of the smart city, and it is presented also as the one of the sub-dimensions of the smart city [25].…”