Smoking burden, MPOWER, future tobacco control and real-world challenges in China: reflections on the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021

Zhang, Kaiping; Tartarone, Alfredo; Pérez‐Ríos, Mónica; Novello, Silvia; Mariniello, Annapaola; Roviello, Giandomenico; Zhang, Jianrong

doi:10.21037/tlcr-22-27

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As of 2021, there are 153 million adult female smokers (including smoking, secondhand, and chewing) worldwide, accounting for 12% ( 39 ) of global smokers. Therefore, based on the inconsistency of previous studies, the large smoking population and the significant disease burden caused by tobacco ( 40 ), this study aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking and BC by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching for relevant observational studies. Therefore, it can provide a preventive reference for the female group and create greater value for the society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundThe effect of tobacco on breast cancer (BC) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between tobacco and BC.MethodsA search was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases before February 2022. The adjusted odd ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to examine the relationship between active or passive smoking and BC risk.ResultsA total of 77 articles composed of 2,326,987 participants were included for this meta-analysis. Active (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.11-1.20, p<0.001) and passive (OR=1.17, 95% CI=1.09-1.24, p<0.001) smoking increased the risk of BC in the female population, especially premenopausal BC (active smoking: OR=1.24, p<0.001; passive smoking: OR=1.29, p<0.001), but had no effect on postmenopausal BC (active smoking: OR=1.03, p=0.314; passive smoking: OR=1.13, p=0.218). Active smoking increased the risk of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC risk (OR=1.13, p<0.001), but had no effect on estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) BC (OR=1.08, p=0.155). The risk of BC was positively associated with the duration and intensity of smoking, negatively associated with the duration of smoking cessation. Active smoking increased the risk of BC in the multiparous population (OR=1.13, p<0.001), but had no effect on the nulliparous population (OR=1.05, p=0.432), and smoking before the first birth (OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.17-1.27) had a greater impact on the risk of BC than smoking after the first birth (OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.04-1.12).ConclusionSmoking (active and passive) increased the risk of BC in women. The effect of smoking on BC was influenced by smoking-related factors (duration, intensity, years of quitting), population-related factors (fertility status), and BC subtypes.Systematic Review Registrationidentifier CRD42022322699.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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“…International patterns in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in the last three decades mostly reflect different phases of the smoking epidemic across countries, and among males and females[ 26 ]. In support of that, our study indicated that mortality rates from pancreatic cancer showed a slower rise among women and a drop among men in China in the last decade (from 1998 to 2012), which could be affected by reduced prevalence of tobacco consumption[ 44 , 45 ]. Also, significantly decreasing trends in pancreatic cancer mortality in both sexes in Mexico (especially since 2008) can partially be attributed to changes in smoking patterns which are resulting from new tobacco tax/laws which were implemented in Mexico in 2007/2008[ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

International patterns in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in the last three decades: A joinpoint regression analysis

Ilić¹,

Ilić²

2022

WJG

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BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer, as the one of most fatal malignancies, remains a critical issue in the global burden of disease. AIM To estimate trends in pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality worldwide in the last three decades. METHODS A descriptive epidemiological study was done. Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the database of the World Health Organization. Analysis of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality during 2020 was performed. The age-standardized rates (ASRs, expressed per 100000) were presented. To estimate trends of incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer, joinpoint regression analysis was used: the average annual percent change (AAPC) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was calculated. Additionally, analysis was performed by sex and age. In this paper, the trend analysis included only countries with high and medium data quality. RESULTS A total of 495773 (262865 male and 232908 female) new cases and 466003 (246840 male and 219163 female) deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported worldwide in 2020. In both sexes, most of the new cases (191348; 38.6% of the total) and deaths (182074; 39.1% of the total) occurred in the Western Pacific Region. In both sexes, the highest ASRs were found in the European Region, while the lowest rates were reported in the South-East Asia Region. The general pattern of rising pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality was seen across countries worldwide in observed period. Out of all countries with an increase in pancreatic cancer incidence, females in France and India showed the most marked rise in incidence rates (AAPC = +3.9% and AAPC = +3.7%, respectively). Decreasing incidence trends for pancreatic cancer were observed in some countries, but without significance. Out of all countries with an increase in pancreatic cancer mortality rates, Turkmenistan showed the most marked rise both in males (AAPC = +10.0%, 95%CI: 7.4–12.5) and females (AAPC = +6.4%, 95%CI: 3.5–9.5). The mortality trends of pancreatic cancer were decreasing in both sexes only in Canada and Mexico. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to explain the cause of large international differences in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in last three decades.

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“…The World Health Organization (WHO) has made significant progress in the fight against tobacco use through its six ‘MPOWER’ measures, which include monitoring tobacco use and preventive measures, protecting people from tobacco smoke, offering help to quit, warning about the dangers of tobacco, enforcing bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship and raising taxes on tobacco (Zhang et al 2022 ). The WHO recommends governments to implement regulations to stop non-smokers from starting to use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as ‘e-cigarettes’, to prevent the renormalisation of smoking in the community and to protect future generations (World Health Organization 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefits of quitting, however, are almost immediate, with a lowering of blood pressure and heart rate, improved taste and smell, and a longer-term reduction in risk of cancer, heart attack and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (American Cancer Society 2020; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2020). Equipped with adequate knowledge, the right attitude and practices, healthcare providers (HCPs) can facilitate smoking cessation by assisting those who want to quit, a role strongly recommended by the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC 2021).The World Health Organization (WHO) has made significant progress in the fight against tobacco use through its six 'MPOWER' measures, which include monitoring tobacco use and preventive measures, protecting people from tobacco smoke, offering help to quit, warning about the dangers of tobacco, enforcing bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship and raising taxes on tobacco (Zhang et al 2022). The WHO recommends governments to implement regulations to stop non-smokers from Background: Clinicians are crucial in encouraging smokers to quit through behavioural or pharmacological smoking cessation interventions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on smoking cessation intervention in the Northern Cape

Muza,

Egenasi,

Steinberg

et al. 2024

Health SA Gesondheid

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Background: Clinicians are crucial in encouraging smokers to quit through behavioural or pharmacological smoking cessation interventions. Smokers quit better with professional help. The level of healthcare providers’ (HCPs) knowledge, attitudes and counselling skills related to effective smoking cessation support in the study area remains uncertain.Aim: The study aimed to determine HCPs’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on smoking cessation intervention strategies in the Sol Plaatje district, Northern Cape.Setting: Sol Plaatje’s 13 district municipality clinics, Kimberley, Northern Cape.Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional analytical study involving healthcare workers in the above setting.Results: A total of 165 HCPs, including medical officers, professional nurses, enrolled nurses and assistant-enrolled nurses working in primary healthcare clinics, were invited to participate in the study, with 156 completing the questionnaires. About 53.9% had no knowledge of South African tobacco smoking cessation guidelines, while 87.2% knew the importance of counselling patients about smoking and its impact on quitting. The majority of them did not know the medicines recommended for tobacco treatment in South Africa. About 89.7% expressed that smoking cessation counselling is an important part of their jobs. However, less than half indicated that they make follow-up arrangements for those attempting to quit.Conclusion: The study revealed gaps in KAP regarding smoking cessation among the respondents, necessitating the need for continuing education on the existing smoking cessation guidelines among these HCPs.Contribution: The results of this study will help to improve smoking cessation intervention knowledge among health providers.

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Smoking burden, MPOWER, future tobacco control and real-world challenges in China: reflections on the WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2021

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

The relationship between tobacco and breast cancer incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

International patterns in incidence and mortality trends of pancreatic cancer in the last three decades: A joinpoint regression analysis

Healthcare providers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices on smoking cessation intervention in the Northern Cape

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