Smoking, drinking, sleeping habits, and other lifestyle factors and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese females: findings from the KYSS study

Abstract

Many risk factors have been proposed for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, there is little information about the relationship between lifestyles and SLE in Japan. Two case control studies were conducted in Kyushu, southern Japan, and in Hokkaido, northern Japan, to examine the relationship between lifestyles and development of SLE in females. The participants were 78 patients and 329 controls in Kyushu and 35 patients and 188 controls in Hokkaido. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of SLE after adjusting for age in both regions. However, in Hokkaido, this association between smoking and SLE did not reach statistical significance after adjusting for alcohol drinking. The present study suggests that smoking may increase the risk of SLE among Japanese females.

Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case-control Study in a Japanese Population

“…However, triggering events for SLE may include many environmental factors 10 . In contrast, another metaanalysis suggested that moderate alcohol consumption (the reference category was nondrinkers) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of SLE (summary OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49-0.89) based on 5 studies, excluding our preliminary study 11 , where the reference category was subjects who drank less than 1 day per week 12 . In contrast, another metaanalysis suggested that moderate alcohol consumption (the reference category was nondrinkers) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of SLE (summary OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49-0.89) based on 5 studies, excluding our preliminary study 11 , where the reference category was subjects who drank less than 1 day per week 12 .…”

Achados bucais e laboratoriais em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico

“…Algumas teorias têm sido formuladas a fim de elucidar a relação entre sexo e LES, entre elas o envolvimento de fatores genéticos, ambientais e hormonais (17,27,48) . De fato, a menarca e a menopausa precoces, além do uso de estrogênio exógeno, estão relacionadas com a suscetibilidade ao desenvolvimento do LES (27) .…”

“…Alguns estudos sugeriram que o tabagismo poderia representar um fator de risco para o LES (17,18,48) . Em contrapartida, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas preveniria o desenvolvimento da doença (48) , porém este benefício não foi comprovado em outro estudo (17) .…”

“…Em contrapartida, o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas preveniria o desenvolvimento da doença (48) , porém este benefício não foi comprovado em outro estudo (17) . Dos 10 pacientes com lesões bucais, cinco (50%) relataram algum hábito vicioso no presente ou no passado.…”

Modifying Effect of N‐Acetyltransferase 2 Genotype on the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Consumption of Alcohol and Caffeine‐Rich Beverages

“…There were no controls with self-reported SLE and with a family history of SLE. Details of the health examination and the self-administered questionnaire have been documented elsewhere (30,31).…”