• Os autores declaram que não há conflito de interesse. ResumoObjetivo: o trabalho tem por objetivo revisar a literatura contemplando a atualização dos conceitos atuais sobre a leucoplasia oral (LO) e as suas repercussões clínicas. Material e Métodos: foram selecionados artigos científicos publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2016, através dos bancos de dados MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel Sistem online), PUBMED (Publicações Médicas) e LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) utilizando como palavras-chave: Leucoplasia, carcinoma de células escamosas, desordens potencialmente malignas, lesões pré-malignas, terminologia. Foram selecionados 30 artigos em português e inglês em sua versão completa. Resultados: o termo leucoplasia deve ser usado para identificar placas brancas com possibilidade de malignização excluindo outras doenças ou desordens conhecidas que não demonstrem um risco aumentado para o câncer. Conclusão: concluiu-se que os conceitos sobre leucoplasia oral dentro das desordens potencialmente malígnas insere o potencial de transformação maligna, ressaltando a importância do reconhecimento e diagnóstico precoce. Palavras-chave: Leucoplasia; Carcinoma de células escamosas; Desordens potencialmente malignas; Lesões pré-malignas; Terminologia. Oral Leukoplakia: concepts and clinical repercussions Introdução ALeucoplasia Oral (LO), atualmente, é classificada como uma desordem potencialmente maligna, sendo a mais comum das lesões com potencial de malignização que podem ocorrer na cavidade oral.1-17 Com relação à etiologia, o termo vem do Grego que é a combinação de duas palavras: λευχο (leuko -branco) e πλακοσ (plakos -placa). Foi descrita pela primeira vez por Erno Schwimmer, em 1877, como uma lesão de coloração branca localizada em língua, que provavelmente estava ligada à Sífilis (glossite sifilítica). 1 A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) propôs a primeira definição para a LO em 1978, definindo-a como uma mancha ou placa branca que não pode ser identificada clínica ou patologicamente como nenhuma outra lesão branca. O termo que é estritamente clínico e não implica uma alteração tecidual histopatológica específica visa a um diagnóstico por exclusão de outras alterações que surgem como placas brancas orais.10 A mais recente definição proposta por Warnakulasuriya 9 coloca o termo risco acrescentando subsídios diagnósticos a esta lesão. Desta forma se passa a raciocinar que a leucoplasia é geralmente constituída por um tecido benigno, no entanto, alterações morfológicas podem oferecer um risco maior do que o normal de transformação maligna. O potencial de transformação maligna, por sua vez, é quem vai definir o risco de um câncer estar presente em uma lesão ou condição pré-maligna, seja no diagnóstico inicial ou no futuro. É sabido que o termo "risco relativo" é uma medida epidemiológica específica da associação entre a exposição a um fator em particular e o risco de adquirir uma doença, expresso como uma taxa entre a incidência ou prevalência de uma doença en...
Oral lesions are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, which may indicate impairment of the patient’s general health status, and, in many cases, the oral lesions are the first sign of an HIV infection. Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a benign lesion of the oral mucosa related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) observed in HIV-positive individuals. The aim of this study was to report the contribution of oral cytopathology in the investigation of the HIV/AIDS status of patients as well as in the clinical and subclinical identification of OHL. Three patients were referred to the Oral Medicine Clinic in 2010. The patients were submitted to oral examination, and scrapes of the tongue were obtained. The Papanicolaou staining technique was used, and cytopathological analysis showed nuclear changes corresponding to cytopathic effects of EBV epithelial infection and candidiasis. The final diagnosis was OHL and candidiasis. Based on cytopathological diagnosis, an HIV serologic test was requested which revealed positive HIV serology. None of the patients was aware of their HIV serological status, and thus the cytopathology, by identifying OHL, contributed to the early diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. Cytopathology should be used as a routine procedure and it may be the method of choice for clinical and subclinical OHL diagnosis.
The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of injuries caused by removable prostheses in patients of clinical specialization in dentistry. Of 598 patients, 175 (29%) had some type of associated injury. The lesions found included erythematous candidiasis, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, inflammatory papillary hyperplasia, traumatic ulcer, angular cheilitis, irritative keratosis, and denture stomatitis. Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia was the most prevalent lesion, found in 88 patients (50%), followed by erythematous candidiasis in 75 patients (43%). Of the total number of injured patients, 141 (81%) were women and 34 (19%) were men, and 101 patients (58%) were Caucasian and 37 (21%) were black. Most lesions were located in the upper alveolar ridge and the hard palate. The most widely used type of prosthesis was full upper prosthesis with 84 users (48%). The average usage time for all prostheses was 17 years (SD ± 13). Average patient age was 62 years (SD ± 14). The prevalence of injuries caused by removable prostheses is high, and prolonged use of the device and the presence of oral lesions are strongly associated. Moreover, women represent the largest number of users of the prostheses and therefore carry the majority of the injuries.
Background intraoral soft tissue lipomas are relatively uncommon mesenchymal neoplasms. Few papers have been published comparing the clinicopathological features of these tumors in different populations. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinicopathological features from intraoral soft tissue lipomas diagnosed in a Brazilian population. Material and Methods all cases diagnosed as intraoral soft tissue lipomas in an Oral Pathology laboratory from 2005 to 2019 were retrieved and descriptively analyzed; statistical analysis was performed for comparison of the clinical and demographic parameters. Results 91 intraoral lipomas were retrieved, including 56 lipomas, 30 fibrolipomas, 2 spindle cell lipomas, 2 angiolipomas, and 1 chondrolipoma. Mean age of the patients was 62.2 years and females represented 57.1% of the sample. Mean time of complaint was 45.4 months and mean size of the lesions was 16.2 millimeters. Buccal mucosa (38.8%), lower lip (18.8%) and tongue (16.5%) were the most commonly affected locations. Fibrolipomas were more common in females ( p =0,037) and presented as smaller lesions ( p =0,011) in comparison to lipomas. Conclusions report of clinicopathological data from intraoral lipomas aid in establishing their differential diagnostic criteria and clinical profile in this specific location. Key words: Lipoma, fibrolipoma, oral, mouth, spindle cell lipoma, angiolipoma, chondrolipoma.
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