Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia and affective disorder

Flechtner, K.-M.; Steinacher, Bruno; Sauer, Robert M.; Mackert, A.

doi:10.1017/s0033291797005709

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In studies of visual attention and perception, eye movements are used to investigate, e.g., how the focus of our attention is chosen depending on the content of an image [1], how objects are identified [2], and how decisions are made [3]. In medicine, eye tracking is employed in studies investigating the functionality of the brain, e.g., in patients with schizophrenia [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of fixations and smooth pursuit movements in high-speed eye-tracking data

Larsson

Nyström

Andersson

et al. 2015

Biomedical Signal Processing and Control

113

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of fixations and smooth pursuit movements in high-speed eye-tracking data

Larsson

Nyström

Andersson

et al. 2015

Biomedical Signal Processing and Control

113

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“…During periods of low gain smooth pursuit, “catch up” saccades are used to compensate for poor smooth pursuit gain (Flechtner et al, 1997; Friedman et al, 1991; Haarmeier, 1999; Levin et al, 1988). In contrast, during low gain vergence tracking we and others have observed few, if any, “catch up” vergence eye movements (Semmlow et al, 2007; Rambold et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vergence eye movements in patients with schizophrenia

et al. 2014

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Previous studies have shown that smooth pursuit eye movements are impaired in patients with schizophrenia. However, under normal viewing conditions, targets move not only in the frontoparallel plane but also in depth, and tracking them requires both smooth pursuit and vergence eye movements. Although previous studies in humans and non-human primates suggest that these two eye movement subsystems are relatively independent of one another, to our knowledge, there have been no prior studies of vergence tracking behavior in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, we have investigated these eye movements in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls. We found that patients with schizophrenia exhibited substantially lower gains compared to healthy controls during vergence tracking at all tested speeds (e.g. 0.25 Hz vergence tracking mean gain of 0.59 vs. 0.86). Further, consistent with previous reports, patients with schizophrenia exhibited significantly lower gains than healthy controls during smooth pursuit at higher target speeds (e.g. 0.5 Hz smooth pursuit mean gain of 0.64 vs. 0.73). In addition, there was a modest (r≈0.5), but significant, correlation between smooth pursuit and vergence tracking performance in patients with schizophrenia. Our observations clearly demonstrate substantial vergence tracking deficits in patients with schizophrenia. In these patients, deficits for smooth pursuit and vergence tracking are partially correlated suggesting overlap in the central control of smooth pursuit and vergence eye movements.

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“…Others argue that the incidence of intrusive anticipatory saccades is a more fundamental indicator of SPEM dysfunction in schizophrenia, reflecting a lack of inhibition in the system controlling saccades and eye fixations [19–21]. While these two viewpoints have been the major competing theories of SPEM dysfunction in schizophrenia, Flechtner et al recently raised doubts about these specific quantitative SPEM measures in general [22]. It was suggested that small saccades occurring near the target could be falsely defined as either catch‐up or anticipatory saccades, as the currently used eye movement recording systems do not provide an absolute index of eye position.…”

Section: Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Dysfunction In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movement dysfunction as a biological marker of risk for schizophrenia

Lee¹,

Williams²

2000

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Evidence for the specificity of SPEM dysfunction to diagnosed schizophrenia, as well as to healthy individuals with a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia, suggests that the SPEM task has efficacy as a test of gene carrier status in schizophrenia, and therefore as a trait marker of risk for schizophrenia. Future studies should seek to explore the relationships between SPEM and other eye movement dysfunctions (antisaccades, express saccades), in view of evidence that some of these dysfunctions also show specificity for schizophrenia.

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Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia and affective disorder

Abstract: Low gain and high rates of intrusive saccades contribute to SPEM dysfunction in major depression. Abnormally high rates of catch-up saccades seem to be the oculomotor component in smooth pursuit, that is specific to schizophrenia.

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Detection of fixations and smooth pursuit movements in high-speed eye-tracking data

Detection of fixations and smooth pursuit movements in high-speed eye-tracking data

Vergence eye movements in patients with schizophrenia

Eye movement dysfunction as a biological marker of risk for schizophrenia

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