Snake Bites by the Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni): Paralysis, Hemostatic and Electrocardiographic Abnormalities, and Effects of Antivenom

Lalloo, David G.; Black, Julie; Korinhona, Andrew; Theakston, R.D.G.; Warrell, David A.; Laurenson, Ian F.; Naraqi, S; Paul, Mark; Mavo, Barnabas; Hutton, R. A.; Nwokolo, Nneka; Saweri, Adolf; Trevett, A.J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.525

Cited by 80 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…3 Envenomings by this large elapid snake are characterized by minor local effects and severe systemic manifestations, including irreversible flaccid paralysis, coagulopathy associated with systemic spontaneous bleeding, myotoxicity, acute kidney injury, and cardiac damage. [2][3][4][5][6] The therapy for envenomings by O. scutellatus in PNG is based on the intravenous administration of either CSL Polyvalent Antivenom or CSL Taipan Antivenom (both manufactured by bioCSL Limited in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; CSL). They are F(ab') 2 antivenoms generated by pepsin digestion and ammonium sulphate precipitation of plasma of hyperimmunized horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] Three species are responsible for the majority of cases: Acanthophis laevis (smooth-scaled death adder), Micropechis ikaheka (New Guinea small-eyed snake), and Oxyuranus scutellatus (Papuan taipan). Lower numbers of cases are induced by other Acanthophis species, Pseudechis papuanus (Papuan blacksnake), and Pseudonaja textilis (New Guinea brownsnake).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antivenomic Characterization of Two Antivenoms Against the Venom of the Taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, from Papua New Guinea and Australia

Herrera

Paiva

Pagotto

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Antivenoms manufactured by bioCSL Limited (Australia) and Instituto Clodomiro Picado (Costa Rica) against the venom of the taipan snakes (Oxyuranus scutellatus) from Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG), respectively, were compared using antivenomics, an analytical approach that combines proteomics with immunoaffinity chromatography. Both antivenoms recognized all venom proteins present in venom from PNG O. scutellatus, although a pattern of partial recognition was observed for some components. In the case of the Australian O. scutellatus venom, both antivenoms immunorecognized the majority of the components, but the CSL antivenom showed a stronger pattern of immunoreactivity, which was revealed by the percentage of retained proteins in the immunoaffinity column. Antivenoms interacted with taipoxin in surface plasmon resonance. These observations on antivenomics agree with previous neutralization studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antivenomic Characterization of Two Antivenoms Against the Venom of the Taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, from Papua New Guinea and Australia

Herrera

Paiva

Pagotto

et al. 2014

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…6 We observed atrial fibrillation in 2% of cases which was similar to study done by Gupta et al 11 In the present study 2% of cases had first degree AV block while Lalloo et al and Mishra et al study noticed first degree AV block in 2.9% and 3.33% of snake bite cases respectively. 6,12 From all studies it was evident that development of conduction disturbances is rare. Ventricular premature complexes seen in 8% of cases in the present study, none in case of Mishra et al and 1.4% in Lalloo et al study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prospective study regarding cardiovascular manifestations following snake bite

Anitha¹,

Nandimath

Bandichhode

2017

Int J Adv Med

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Background: Snake bite is an occupational hazard especially of agricultural workers. Through snake bite venom, a complex mixture of various enzymes, polypeptides and toxins are injected into body of the victim. Clinical features of snake bite include local effects such as pain, swelling, cellulitis, tissue necrosis and lymphadenopathy. Snake bite and its common complications like nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and haemorrhagic manifestations have always been stressed. The cardiovascular abnormalities following snake bite was relatively less stressed complication; hence the present study has been conducted. Aim of the study was to observe clinical, electrocardiographic and cardiac changes following snake bite.Methods: Present prospective study has been conducted in emergency ward of medicine department of K. R. Hospital, Mysore, India during the period from July 2004 to May 2005.Results: In the present study 80% of cases were in second and third decade of life. Male patients were outnumbered female patients. 70% of cases were from agricultural background. Distal part of the body was the most common site involved in snake bite, 82% of cases presented within 24 hours of snake bite. Cardiac manifestations were seen in 36% of cases in the form of hypotension, ECG changes and elevated cardiac enzymes.Conclusions: Cardiovascular system involvement following snake bite was not rare, it was mandatory to record ECG and estimate cardiac enzymes as soon as possible in detecting cardiotoxic effects following snake bite.

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“…Mioglobin plasma dan kadar kreatinin mempunyai korelasi yang kuat. 12 Pada pemeriksaan urinalisis dapat terjadi proteinuria (83%), serta hematuria mikroskopik (50,9%). Hemoglobinuria dan mioglobinuria umumnya dapat dideteksi dan dapat terjadi leukosituria (56,4%).…”

Section: Manifestasi Klinisunclassified

“…Hemoglobinuria dan mioglobinuria umumnya dapat dideteksi dan dapat terjadi leukosituria (56,4%). 12 Penelitian Ramachandram S dkk,14 pada tahun 1995 mendapatkan kadar Hb dan leukosit normal pada semua pasien, 3% terjadi trombositopenia (< 75.000/µL). Kadar ureum darah meningkat pada pasien dengan gejala gagal ginjal.…”

Section: Manifestasi Klinisunclassified

Gigitan Ular Berbisa

Niasari¹,

Latief²

2016

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Dalam menghadapi kasus gigitan ular berbisa diperlukan tata laksana yang cepat, baik dalam menegakkan diagnosis maupun terapinya, oleh karena dapat menimbulkan kecacatan dan mengancam jiwa. 3 Laporan KasusSeorang anak laki-laki, N, usia 5 tahun 8 bulan dirujuk dari Poliklinik Bedah Instalasi Gawat Darurat RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta (RSCM) dengan keterangan digigit ular.Dari aloanamnesis didapatkan keterangan bahwa kurang lebih 3 jam sebelum masuk IGD RSCM tungkai bawah kanan dekat pergelangan kaki di gigit ular saat pasien sedang berjalan di kebun belakang rumah, bersama dengan ayahnya. Ular tidak diketahui jenisnya (bercorak dan berwarna coklat). Ketika itu pasien langsung menangis karena kesakitan dan ayah pasien melihat dua tanda bekas gigitan ular, bengkak dan kemerahan mulai timbul setengah jam kemudian. Pasien dibawa ke RS H, luka gigitan dibersihkan dan diberikan suntikan TT (toksoid tetanus). selanjutnya igitan atau sengatan binatang berbisa, seperti ular, laba-laba atau binatang berbisa lainnya, pada umumnya menyebabkan nyeri lokal dan tidak memerlukan perawatan, namun anak-anak mempunyai risiko tinggi terjadi reaksi berat. Reaksi klinis berat pada anak sering terjadi karena volume tubuh lebih kecil untuk penyebaran racun/ bisadibandingkan dengan orang dewasa. 1 Pada setiap kasus yang dilaporkan sebagai gigitan ular, harus dipastikan apakah gigitan tersebut disebabkan ular berbisa. Hal tersebut dapat ditentukan antara lain dari luka bekas gigitan yang terjadi. Jika identifikasi sulit ditentukan, gejala dan tanda akibat gigitan bisa ular menjadi dasar untuk menegakkan diagnosis. 2Seorang anak laki-laki, usia 5 tahun 8 bulan dengan diagnosis gigitan ular dengan compartement syndrome dan koagulasi intravaskular diseminata (KID) berdasarkan identifikasi ular yang menggigit dan manifestasi klinis. Presentasi klinis terdiri dari tanda bekas gigitan pada tungkai bawah kanan, rasa nyeri yang makin bertambah , bengkak, ekimosis, bula, compartement syndrome, trombositopenia, anemia, PT, APTT yang memanjang, dan d-dimer yang meningkat. Bila dilihat dari bentuk ular yang menggigit dan manifestasi klinis yang timbul, yaitu bisa ular yang bersifat sitotoksik, ular yang mengigit adalah famili Viperidae. Derajat berat kasus yang terjadi adalah derajat 4 (major), karena terdapat tanda bekas gigitan, edem yang luas, serta KID. Antibiotik diberikan juga kortikosteroid, bertujuan untuk mencegah efek samping pemberian anti bisa ular. Fasciotomy dilakukan karena terdapat compartement syndrome setelah itu pasien dirawat di ICU Anak untuk pemantauan lebih lanjut dan mempersiapkan apabila diperlukan heparinisasi. Pasien dipulangkan dalam keadaan baik setelah 3 minggu perawatan.

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Snake Bites by the Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus canni): Paralysis, Hemostatic and Electrocardiographic Abnormalities, and Effects of Antivenom

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Antivenomic Characterization of Two Antivenoms Against the Venom of the Taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, from Papua New Guinea and Australia

Antivenomic Characterization of Two Antivenoms Against the Venom of the Taipan, Oxyuranus scutellatus, from Papua New Guinea and Australia

A prospective study regarding cardiovascular manifestations following snake bite

Gigitan Ular Berbisa

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