SnP0.94 active material synthesized in high-boiling solvents for all-solid-state lithium batteries

Abstract

Tin phosphide (SnP 0.94 ) particles were synthesized by thermal decomposition of tin acetate in a mixed solution of trioctylphosphine and a high-boiling solvent. Teardrop-shaped SnP 0.94 particles with the size of about 500 nm were obtained by using trioctylphosphine oxide as a coordinating solvent. In the case using oleylamine as a solvent, the shape of SnP 0.94 particles was not uniform. Formation mechanism of teardrop-shaped SnP 0.94 was discussed. SnP 0.94 particles prepared by using the trioctylphosphine oxide as a coordinating solvent were applied as an active material to all-solid-state lithium cells. The cell LiIn/ 80Li 2 S·19P 2 S 5 ·1P 2 O 5 /SnP 0.94 exhibited the initial discharge capacity of 1000 mAh g ¹1 at a current density of 1.3 mA cm ¹2.

Confined Liquid-Phase Growth of Crystalline Compound Semiconductors on Any Substrate

“…One example of this is tin phosphide, a promising emerging layered material system with multiple stable phases, , each with dramatically different properties and crystal structures. Rhombohedral Sn 4 P 3 and hexagonal SnP , have been recently demonstrated as ultra-high-capacity anode materials for sodium and lithium ion batteries, respectively. However, due to the lack of an available epitaxial template for tin phosphide, the demonstrations have been limited to powders, nanoparticles, and small bulk crystals. − Nontemplated polycrystalline tin phosphide (Sn 4 P 3 and SnP) microparticles grown on a Si/SiO 2 wafer and the corresponding X-ray diffraction spectra are shown in Figure S9.…”

“…Rhombohedral Sn 4 P 3 and hexagonal SnP , have been recently demonstrated as ultra-high-capacity anode materials for sodium and lithium ion batteries, respectively. However, due to the lack of an available epitaxial template for tin phosphide, the demonstrations have been limited to powders, nanoparticles, and small bulk crystals. − Nontemplated polycrystalline tin phosphide (Sn 4 P 3 and SnP) microparticles grown on a Si/SiO 2 wafer and the corresponding X-ray diffraction spectra are shown in Figure S9. By removing the need for an epitaxial template, TLP enables us to grow phase-pure, templated crystalline Sn 4 P 3 and SnP on a silicon/SiO 2 handle wafer.…”

Multivariate Synthesis of Tin Phosphide Nanoparticles: Temperature, Time, and Ligand Control of Size, Shape, and Crystal Structure

“…13,14 Nonetheless, recent reports of colloidal syntheses of tin phosphides have yielded micrometer-sized, hexagonal SnP particles with unique morphologies and physical (charge storage) properties. 15,16 Despite significant differences in fundamental properties, the crystal structures of Sn 3 P 4 and Sn 4 P 3 are remarkably similar and indicate the presence of two distinct Sn atoms: Sn(1) atoms are octahedrally coordinated by phosphorus atoms, whereas Sn(2) atoms have a [3+3] coordination consisting of three phosphorus and three Sn(2) atoms. 1 Theoretical studies of Sn 3 P 4 suggest an indirect bandgap of 0.83 eV, caused by the presence of filled bonding and nonbonding states and vacant antibonding states.…”

Electrospun Nanofibers of Tin Phosphide (SnP0.94) Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Carbon Matrix: A Tunable Conversion-cum-Alloying Lithium Storage Anode

“…The synthesis is thus targeted to achieve the best compromise between high capacity, low voltage hysteresis, and low anodic polarization potential. Only two reports of this phase of tin phosphide have emerged so far for Li-ion batteries. , These previous reports have employed solution-based synthetic strategies involving the use of corrosive and costly reactants such as trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and tin acetate. Our strategy is facile, based on a solid-state reaction in a sealed tube for phosphorization and easily available Sn salts for electrospinning.…”