Sobre a botânica, a etnofarmacologia e a química de Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum

Abstract

que o ambiente amazônico se torne alvo constante da biopirataria e da extração predatória dos recursos. Muitas espécies deste ambiente sequer possuem catalogação e, mesmo assim, encontram risco eminente de desaparecimento. Neste âmbito, trabalhos que reúnam dados sobre estas espécies possuem grande valor científico, cultural e econômico, sendo este o estímulo que desencadeou a produção desta revisão. Aqui a espécie Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum., uma Rubiaceae amazônica, é contemplada por meio de características botânicas, indicações etnofarmacológicas e propriedades químicas. Popularmente conhecida como mulateiro, a espécie é frequentemente receitada na etnomedicina como cicatrizante e rejuvenescedor, além de ser usada no controle de manchas de pele. Como peculiaridade botânica, mulateiro apresenta tronco retilíneo com epiderme fina esverdeada que evolui para uma periderme castanho-escuro, que é anualmente renovada. Em termos químicos, há destaque para a presença de alcalóides, taninos e, sobretudo, secoiridóides (7-metoxididerrosideo, 6´-acetil-β-D-glucopiranosildiderrosideo e 8-0-tigloildiderrosideo são peculiares à espécie). Mesmo com propriedades fotoprotetoras comprovadas, C. spruceanum ainda carece de pesquisas, sobretudo àquelas voltadas para a produção ex situ da planta e àquelas que demonstrem a relação entre a ecologia da planta e a produção de metabólitos funcionais para a indústria. Palavras-chaves:Rubiaceae, mulateiro, extração predatória.ABSTRACT: On the botany, ethnopharmacology, and chemistry of Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex K. Schum. The Amazonian environment is a constant target for biopiracy and predatory extraction of resources due to the species with vast economic potential. Many of these species have not even been cataloged, and yet are already at imminent risk of extinction. In this paper, Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.) Hook. f. ex k. Schum., an Amazonian Rubiaceae, is studied with information on its botanical characteristics, ethnopharmacological uses, and chemical properties. Popularly known as mulateiro, the species is often prescribed in ethnomedicine for healing and vitality, and is also used to control skin patches. As a botanical peculiarity, it has a thin green epidermis that evolves into a dark brown periderm, which is renewed annually. In terms of chemistry, there is emphasis on the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and, especially, secoiridoids (7-methoxydiderroside, 6′-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyldiderroside, and 8-O-tigloyldiderroside are peculiar to the species). Even with proven photoprotective properties, research on C. spruceanum is still lacking, in particular studies aimed at the ex situ production of the plant and those that show the relationship between the plant's ecology and the production of functional metabolites for the industry.

Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth.), the Amazonian “Tree of Youth” Prolongs Longevity and Enhances Stress Resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…The tree is popularly known in Brazil by the name Mulateiro or Pau Mulato and its timber is intensively explored by the wood industry [2,3,4]. In traditional medicine, it is claimed to work as anti-aging (skin wrinkles and aging spots), antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, anti-parasitic), emollient, wound healing, hemostatic, contraceptive, stimulant, and anti-diabetic [1,5,6]. Many of the medicinal indications of C. spruceanum are derived from the traditional knowledge of native indigenous populations of the Amazon forests [7,8].…”

Prediction of dry matter, carbon and ash contents and identification of Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth) organs by Near-Infrared spectrophotometry

“…Calycophyllum spruceanum (Benth) is a tree native to the Amazon region, popularly known in Portuguese as 'mulateiro', 'pau-mulato' or 'pau-mulato-de-várzea', which has dense wood with multiple uses [1]. In recent years, energy characteristics of the species have been investigated, and its potential for having fixed carbon and ash contents suitable for this purpose has been verified Andrade [2].…”

Color variability and relationship with basic density and extractive content of Calycophyllum spruceanum wood

“…However, others are not cataloged and need studies which will contribute to the knowledge about their characteristics. The lack of studies on the potential of plant species in the region makes the Amazon biome a target for biopiracy and predatory extraction of timber and non-timber resources (SANTOS et al, 2016).…”