Social and Economic Impacts of School Influenza Outbreaks in England: Survey of Caregivers

Thorrington, Dominic; Balasegaram, Sooria; Cleary, Paul; Hay, Catherine A.; Eames, Ken T. D.

doi:10.1111/josh.12484

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…There are fewer studies of community influenza cases that may not consult healthcare professionals. Nevertheless, a survey in England of caregivers of children in primary school reporting ILI outbreaks that used EQ‐5D‐3L showed a mean loss of 2.1 QALDs . In Belgium, a household telephone survey including 2250 individuals with self‐reported ILI used SF‐12 to calculate QALDs lost: for an average episode of illness in the community, 1.83 QALDs were lost …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza epidemics have a major social and economic impact. As well as direct healthcare costs, influenza may lead to other indirect effects including school absenteeism, loss of workplace productivity and effects on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) . The quality of life of both patients and their families may be affected, especially when the patient is a child .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of seasonal and pandemic influenza on health‐related quality of life, work and school absence in England: Results from the Flu Watch cohort study

Fragaszy

Warren‐Gash

White

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundEstimates of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and work/school absences for influenza are typically based on medically attended cases or those meeting influenza‐like‐illness (ILI) case definitions and thus biased towards severe disease. Although community influenza cases are more common, estimates of their effects on HRQoL and absences are limited.ObjectivesTo measure quality‐adjusted life days and years (QALDs and QALYs) lost and work/school absences among community cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI), ILI and influenza A and B and to estimate community burden of QALY loss and absences from influenza.Patients/methodsFlu Watch was a community cohort in England from 2006 to 2011. Participants were followed up weekly. During respiratory illness, they prospectively recorded daily symptoms, work/school absences and EQ‐5D‐3L data and submitted nasal swabs for RT‐PCR influenza testing.ResultsAverage QALD lost was 0.26, 0.93, 1.61 and 1.84 for ARI, ILI, H1N1pdm09 and influenza B cases, respectively. 40% of influenza A cases and 24% of influenza B cases took time off work/school with an average duration of 3.6 and 2.4 days, respectively. In England, community influenza cases lost 24 300 QALYs in 2010/11 and had an estimated 2.9 million absences per season based on data from 2006/07 to 2009/10.ConclusionsOur QALDs and QALYs lost and work and school absence estimates are lower than previous estimates because we focus on community cases, most of which are mild, may not meet ILI definitions and do not result in healthcare consultations. Nevertheless, they contribute a substantial loss of HRQoL on a population level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of seasonal and pandemic influenza on health‐related quality of life, work and school absence in England: Results from the Flu Watch cohort study

Fragaszy

Warren‐Gash

White

et al. 2018

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…Influenza virus infections contribute significantly to respiratory hospitalizations among children, with those aged less than five years old being at a higher risk for influenza complications [ 97 , 98 ]. This not only has detrimental health outcomes for the children but is considered a financial burden to society, employees, and parents who have to stay home to attend to their children [ 99 , 100 ]. Apart from vaccines and antiviral medications, postbiotics could be a useful alternative for the early treatment of seasonal flu.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postbiotics against Pathogens Commonly Involved in Pediatric Infectious Diseases

et al. 2020

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The Sustainable Development goals for 2020 included reducing all causes associated with infant and perinatal mortality in their priorities. The use of compounds with bioactive properties has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy due to their stimulating effect on the host’s immune system. Additionally, biotherapeutic products such as postbiotics, tentatively defined as compounds produced during a fermentation process that support health and well-being, promote intestinal barrier integrity without posing considerable risks to children’s health. Although this is a concept in development, there are increasing studies in the field of nutrition, chemistry, and health that aim to understand how postbiotics can help prevent different types of infections in priority populations such as minors under the age of five. The present review aims to describe the main mechanisms of action of postbiotics. In addition, it presents the available current evidence regarding the effects of postbiotics against pathogens commonly involved in pediatric infections. Postbiotics may constitute a safe alternative capable of modulating the cellular response and stimulating the host’s humoral response.

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“…Influenza is a respiratory disease responsible for substantial increase in morbidity, mortality and costs during seasonal epidemics and pandemics 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that annually seasonal influenza epidemics result in an estimated 3‐5 million cases of severe disease and 250 000‐500 00 deaths 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating burden of influenza‐associated influenza‐like illness and severe acute respiratory infection at public healthcare facilities in Romania during the 2011/12‐2015/16 influenza seasons

Gefenaitė

Pistol

Popescu

et al. 2017

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundInfluenza is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, but there is limited information on reliable disease burden estimates, especially from middle‐income countries in the WHO European Region.ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of medically attended influenza‐associated influenza‐like illness (ILI) and hospitalizations due to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) presenting to public healthcare facilities in Romania.Patients/MethodsSentinel influenza surveillance data for ILI and SARI from 2011/12‐2015/16, including virological data, were used to estimate influenza‐associated ILI and SARI incidence/100 000 and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsThe overall annual incidence of ILI and influenza‐associated ILI per 100 000 persons in Romania varied between 68 (95% CI: 61‐76) and 318 (95% CI: 298‐338) and between 23 (95% CI: 19‐29) and 189 (95% CI: 149‐240), respectively. The highest ILI and influenza incidence was among children aged 0‐4 years. We estimated that SARI incidence per 100 000 persons was 6 (95% CI: 5‐7) to 9 (95% CI: 8‐10), of which 2 (95% CI: 1‐2) to 3 (95% CI: 2‐4) were due to influenza. Up to 0.3% of the Romanian population were annually reported with ILI, and 0.01% was hospitalized with SARI, of which as much as one‐third could be explained by influenza.ConclusionsThis evaluation was the first study estimating influenza burden in Romania. We found that during each influenza season, a substantial number of persons in Romania suffer from influenza‐related ILI or are hospitalized due to influenza‐associated SARI.

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Social and Economic Impacts of School Influenza Outbreaks in England: Survey of Caregivers

Abstract: This study shows the potential social and economic benefit of vaccination of children during mild influenza seasons.

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of seasonal and pandemic influenza on health‐related quality of life, work and school absence in England: Results from the Flu Watch cohort study

Effects of seasonal and pandemic influenza on health‐related quality of life, work and school absence in England: Results from the Flu Watch cohort study

Postbiotics against Pathogens Commonly Involved in Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Estimating burden of influenza‐associated influenza‐like illness and severe acute respiratory infection at public healthcare facilities in Romania during the 2011/12‐2015/16 influenza seasons

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