Social Axioms: A Model for Social Beliefs in Multicultural Perspective

Leung, Kwok; Bond, Michael Harris

doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(04)36003-x

Cited by 383 publications

(537 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Thirdly, the negative association between social cynicism and social trust shown in the present study accords with the findings of Leung and Bond (2004) that social cynicism is related to lower levels of cooperation with others and interpersonal trust.…”

Section: Prediction Of Social Trustsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Compared to their social centre counterparts, members belonging to religious groups not only have a higher sense of community, but also have a stronger sense of religiosity but lower feelings of being controlled by fate. Moreover, even though social axioms, understood as general beliefs that people hold as a social experience, are often used as a comparison in cross-cultural studies (Leung & Bond, 2004), the withinculture data (as in the present study) further support the notion that that the immediate settings the individual is embedded in can strongly influence general social beliefs.…”

Section: Sense Of Community and Social Beliefsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Regarding the cultural dimension, 25 items of the social axiom survey (SAS, Leung & Bond, 2004) was used to tap general social beliefs, in five dimensions, including social cynicism (an example included: "Powerful people tend to exploit others"); reward for application (an example included: "Every problem has a solution"); social flexibility (an example included: "Human behaviour changes with the social context"); control by fate (an example included: "Fate determines one's success and failure"); and religiosity (an example included: 'Religious faith contributes to good mental health"). The scale can be conducted at the individual level and had been widely applied (Leung & Bond, 2004;Singelis, Hubbard, Her, & An, 2003). The reliability and validity of SAS was satisfactory (The average alphas of the 25 items version for the Hong Kong sample was 0.76, Chen, Bond, & Cheung, 2006).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Protestant Spirituality and Religious Community on the Well-Being of People in Hong Kong

Ng¹,

Fisher²

2011

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While the literature demonstrates that the relationship between religion and wellbeing is generally positive, detailed information about the context where the religion is based is rarely given. Drawing on multi-dimensional perspectives of spirituality, the present study regards spirituality as an integral dimension of a person's religious beliefs, practices and experiences within a given context. The manifestation of spirituality can be viewed from personal, interpersonal and social dimensions. The primary objective of the study is to examine whether, how and why the spirituality and religious community of Protestant tradition can affect the well-being of people in the context of Hong Kong.In the first phase of the study, 324 Chinese from four Protestant communities, representing four major kinds of Protestant spirituality, and one non-religious comparison group in Hong Kong were recruited. MANOVA results showed that religious community exerted a significant impact on people's spirituality and sense of community, which enhance their well-being -manifested in life satisfaction, social trust and civic participation. The different religious contexts exhibited different dimensions of spirituality and well-being, suggesting that the impact is not only direct but also dependent on and intertwined with the religious setting. Path analyses demonstrated the complex relationship between spirituality and well-being variables. While some of the spirituality-related variables may directly predict civic participation, the relationship between such variables and life satisfaction and social trust are mainly mediated through mental health and sense of community.The second phase of the study incorporated a field study (participant observation, interview and documentary analysis). Activity setting analysis was used as the interpretive framework, to unpack the elements of the various religious settings and to identify the present and absent conditions that help explain the variety and diversity of well-being outcomes manifested in the survey section. The data showed that immediate religious settings affect people's emotions, cognitions and behavioural patterns, through relational, ideational and even material aspects of the social environment, which finally lead to various kinds of well-being. Results also demonstrate that not only may the different religious settings enhance different kinds of well-being, but that they also provide different pathways to enhance a certain kind of well-being. These findings iii suggest that religious impacts on people's well-being are diverse and intricate. The present study thus confirms the important role of religion in people's well-being, but further signifies the intricate relationship between the various dimensions of religion and well-being. Moreover, when studying the effects of religion, both the subjective and the community context of a person's spirituality cannot be overlooked when drawing any conclusion on the costs and benefits of religion. iv v

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Section: Prediction Of Social Trustsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Sense Of Community and Social Beliefsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Protestant Spirituality and Religious Community on the Well-Being of People in Hong Kong

Ng¹,

Fisher²

2011

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“…Se puede preguntar cuáles son las normas y creencias típicas, relevantes y frecuentes en un grupo cultural, las que pueden representar creencias y normas idiosincráticas al ecosistema y cultura en las que aparecen (e.g., Gelfand, 2012), estudiadas fundamentalmente desde la sociología y la antropología social. O se pueden realizar intentos por investigar cuáles son las creencias y normas comunes a la humanidad (e.g., Leung & Bond, 2004). Para conciliar las diferentes corrientes para conformar una cosmovisión de las normas y creencias de los seres humanos se tendría que obtener una muestra representativa de nichos ecológicos, recabar las manifestaciones particulares en cada nicho, integrarlas en una medida inclusiva y exhaustiva de todas las creencias y normas aparecidas en cada nicho ecológico y grupo cultural, aplicar el instrumento a una muestra representativa de personas de cada cultura muestreada originalmente y separar los reactivos comunes a todos los grupos, es decir, los universales.…”

Section: La Cultura En La Psicologíaunclassified

Creencias y Normas en México: Una Actualización del Estudio de las Premisas Psico-Socio-Culturales

et al. 2015

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Estudiar las culturas incluye indagar en torno a los conceptos de creencias y normas para obtener el contenido de las reglas que coordinan el comportamiento, lo que se ha estudiado a través de las premisas psico-socio-culturales (PPSC; Díaz-Guerrero, 2002). La base de la etnopsicología del mexicano son las premisas originales de la familia (Díaz-Guerrero, 1994), las cuales no incluyen normas y creencias que rigen el comportamiento de parejas, la situación actual de género y aspectos de la vida postmoderna. El objetivo de la investigación fue indagar sobre las PPSC de manera que incluyera normas y creencias, en base a ítems extraídos de 4 inventarios, en una muestra no probabilística intencional de 1624 hombres y mujeres con diferentes niveles educativos, provenientes de 6 regiones diversas de México. Los resultados de los análisis de varianza factorial y de correlaciones (r) muestran la preponderancia del sexismo, machismo y marianismo, que marcan un apego mayor a la cultura conforme las personas pertenecen a ecosistemas más tradicionales, básicamente cuando la educación es más baja y cuando son hombres.Palabras clave: cultura, premisas, normas, creencias, etnopsicologíaThe study of cultures involves researching the concepts of beliefs and norms in order to reveal the content of the rules that coordinate human behavior, a task often pursued through an approach based on psycho-socio-cultural premises (PSCP; Díaz-Guerrero, 2002). The basis of the ethnopsychology of Mexicans is formed by the original premises of the family (Díaz-Guerrero, 1994), which lack norms or beliefs to regulate the behavior of couples, the current gender situation, or aspects of postmodern life. The goal of the present study was to investigate PSCPs in a manner that would include norms and beliefs. In order to do this, items were taken from 4 inventories and administered to a non probabilistic purposive sample of 1624 men and women of various educational levels, living in 6 different regions of Mexico. The analysis of variance and the correlation analysis (r) conducted reveal the predominance of sexism, machismo and marianismo, which are indicative of a stronger attachment to the culture in people belonging to more traditional ecosystems, basically people with lower education and males.

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“…Call for Papers pan-cultural structures of human values and beliefs (Leung & Bond, 2004), Chinese personality (Cheung, Leung, Fan, Song, Zhang, & Zhang, 1996), and creativity (Morris & Leung, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Management and Organization Review Special Issue ‘Celebrating and Advancing the Scholarship of Kwok Leung (1958–2015)’

Morris

Chen²,

Doucet

2015

Manag. Organ. Rev.

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This is a wide ranging call for papers addressing and extending Professor Kwok Leung's scholarship in cross-cultural research, psychology, and management (see below).Questions about the special issue may be directed to any of the guest editors. Papers for the special issue should be submitted electronically through MOR's ScholarOne Manuscripts site at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/mor and identified as submission to the ‘Scholarship of Kwok Leung’ special issue. All submissions should follow the ‘MOR Author Guidelines’, available online at http://journals.cambridge.org/images/fileUpload/documents/MOR_ifc.pdf

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Social Axioms: A Model for Social Beliefs in Multicultural Perspective

Cited by 383 publications

References 69 publications

Impact of Protestant Spirituality and Religious Community on the Well-Being of People in Hong Kong

Impact of Protestant Spirituality and Religious Community on the Well-Being of People in Hong Kong

Creencias y Normas en México: Una Actualización del Estudio de las Premisas Psico-Socio-Culturales

Management and Organization Review Special Issue ‘Celebrating and Advancing the Scholarship of Kwok Leung (1958–2015)’

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