Social Proximity Effects on Galvanic Skin Responses in Adult Humans

McBride, Glen; King, Maurice G.; James, J. W.

doi:10.1080/00223980.1965.10544805

Cited by 168 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In some previous studies with healthy adults, eye contact produced greater electrodermal activity than unreciprocated gaze (McBride, King, & James, 1965;Nicholas & Champness, 1971). In other studies, however, such a difference has not been found (Donovan & Leavitt, 1980;Leavitt & Donovan, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…There are studies showing that, in healthy adult subjects, EEG arousal (decreased alpha activity) is higher to eye contact than to averted gaze (Gale, Spratt, Chapman, & Smallbone, 1975). Also, in some studies, heart rate has been found to be higher in an eye contact condition compared to a condition without eye contact (Kleinke & Pohlen, 1971), and eye contact has been shown to elicit greater skin conductance responses than unreciprocated gaze (McBride, King, & James, 1965;Nicholas & Champness, 1971). However, there are also studies showing no difference in physiological arousal between eye contact and unreciprocated gaze.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Skin Conductance Responses to Another Person’s Gaze in Children with Autism

Kylliäinen

Hietanen

2006

J Autism Dev Disord

201

155

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The effects of another person's gaze on physiological arousal were investigated by measuring skin conductance responses (SCR). Twelve able children with autism and 12 control children were shown face stimuli with straight gaze (eye contact) or averted gaze on a computer monitor. In children with autism, the responses to straight gaze were stronger than responses to averted gaze, whereas there was no difference in the responses to these gaze conditions in normally developing children. Thus, these results showed that eye gaze elicited differential pattern of SCR in normally developing children and in children with autism. It is possible that the enhanced arousal to eye contact may contribute to the abnormal gaze behaviour frequently reported in the context of autism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Conductance Responses to Another Person’s Gaze in Children with Autism

Kylliäinen

Hietanen

2006

J Autism Dev Disord

201

155

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Section: Stranger Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. studies of the galvanic skin response (e.g., McBride et al 1965) indicate that anxiety increases in subjects, i.e., skin resistance decreases, as they are approached by strangers" (Givens 1978d:351).RESEARCH REPORTS: 1. A mild form of stranger anxiety is social jeopardy: "By saying something, the speaker opens himself up to the possibility that the intended recipients will affront him by not listening or will think him forward, foolish, or offensive in what he has said" (Goffman 1967:37 pronounced puckering (as negative signs; infants respond more negatively to adult than to child strangers; Lewis and Brooks 1974).…”

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confidence: 99%

Center for nonverbal studies

2005

Choice Reviews Online

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Usage: The Adam's-apple-jump is an unconscious sign of emotional anxiety, embarrassment, or stress. At a business meeting, e.g., a listener's Adam's apple may inadvertently jump should he or she dislike or strongly disagree with a speaker's suggestion, perspective, or point of view.U.S. politics. The Adam's apple gained it's 15 minutes of fame when former Vice President James Danforth Quayle's thyroid cartilage "jumped" in the 1988 vice-presidential debates, as he listened to his opponent, Lloyd Bentsen's pointed claim: "Senator, you're no Jack Kennedy!"RESEARCH REPORTS: 1. Swallowing "associates well with flight and submission" (Grant 1969:528). 2. Stimulating the emotionally sensitive amygdala can cause involuntary body movements "associated with olfaction and eating, such as licking, chewing, and swallowing" (Guyton 1996:758-59).Anatomy. Anxiety, social discomfort (e.g., embarrassment), and fear are often visible in unwitting, vertical movements of a projection at the front of the throat called the laryngeal prominence, where the http://members.aol.com/nonverbal2/adajum.htm (1 of 2) [27/04/02 05:54:44] adajum largest (or thyroid) cartilage of the Adam's apple shows, prominently in men, but less noticeably in women.Neuro-notes. Acting through the vagus nerve (cranial X), emotional tension from the brain's limbic system causes unconscious muscular contractions of the sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and associated inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles of the Adam's apple. Movement is evident as the muscles contract to swallow, to throat-clear, or to vocalize an objection which may be left unsaid. The Adam's apple is emotionally responsive (i.e., reflects visceral or "gut" feelings) because its muscles are mediated by the vagus, which is one of five special visceral nerves. Synonym--Gulping. See also NECK DIMPLE, NECKWEAR, PALM-UP, SHOULDER-SHRUG.Copyright (Dalton 1984:53) Concept. Any of several changes in the physical location, place, or position of the material parts of the human form (e.g., of the eyelids, hands, or shoulders). Usage:The nonverbal brain expresses itself through diverse motions of our body parts (see, e.g., BODY LANGUAGE, GESTURE). That body movement is central to our expressiveness is reflected in the ancient Indo-European root, meue-("mobile"), for the English word, emotion.Anatomy. Our body consists of a jointed skeleton moved by muscles. Muscles also move our internal organs, the areas of skin around our face and neck, and our bodily hairs. (When we are frightened, e.g., stiff, tiny muscles stand our hairs on end.) The nonverbal brain gives voice to all its feelings, moods, and concepts through the contraction of muscles: without muscles to move its parts, our body would be nearly silent. Anthropology. Stricken with a progressive spinal-cord illness, the late anthropologist, Robert F. Murphy described his personal journey into paralysis in his last book, The Body Silent. As he lost muscle control, Murphy noticed "curious shifts and nuances" in his social world (e.g., students ". . . often...

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“…of the Ss, flight and behavioral arousal reactions were the common result. McBride, King, & James (1965) have studied this phenomenon by recording Ss' GSR responses to the slow approach of an E. They found that the GSR reactions were greater when the E was near (1 or 3 ft) the S than when he was more distant (9 ft).…”

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confidence: 99%

Avoidance of an act which would violate personal space

Barefoot

Hoople²,

McClay³

1972

Psychon Sci

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Male and female Es were seated at one of three distances from a water fountain in a public building. Male passersby were less likely to drink when the E was near (1 ft) the fountain than when the E was seated at less proximate positions (5 and 10 ft). This finding supports previous research on reactions to spatial invasions, while eliminating some of the problems with previous invasion manipulations.

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Social Proximity Effects on Galvanic Skin Responses in Adult Humans

Cited by 168 publications

References 3 publications

Skin Conductance Responses to Another Person’s Gaze in Children with Autism

Skin Conductance Responses to Another Person’s Gaze in Children with Autism

Center for nonverbal studies

Avoidance of an act which would violate personal space

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