“…Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is the most well-known piezoelectric ceramic, as it possesses a very high piezoelectric coefficient (d 33 from 225 to 585 pC/N). However, the presence of lead has significantly restricted its uses in favor of other piezoelectric ceramics such as sodium potassium niobate (KNN), barium titanate (BT), or bismuth sodium titanate (BNT) in spite of their lower piezoelectric coefficient (80 pC/N, 190 pC/N, or 94 pC/N, respectively). , While KNN and BT derivatives present interesting properties for sensor applications, in the case of low-temperature actuator applications ( T < 100 °C), BNT appears to be a promising alternative to PZT. , However, despite high piezoelectric responses, piezoelectric ceramics have inherent properties such as brittleness and poor shapability, which limit their applications. To remediate their mechanical limitations, Yamada et al prepared one of the first piezocomposites based on the dispersion of piezoelectric nanoparticles of PZT in a polymer matrix of poly(urethane) .…”