Sodium excretion and racial differences in ambulatory blood pressure patterns.

Harshfield, Gregory A.; Alpert, Bruce S.; Pulliam, Derrick A.; Willey, Elaine S.; Somes, Grant W.; Stapelton, F B

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.18.6.813

Cited by 64 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…36 Our results confirm previous reports of an influchildhood with hypertensive target organ damage is lacking, but warrants further investigation. ence of race on the diurnal BP pattern of normotensive adolescents, 9,10 and extends this observation to children and adolescents with hypertension. The…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diurnal blood pressure patterns in normotensive and hypertensive children and adolescents

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As abnormalities in diurnal ambulatory blood pressure pared to normotensive subjects (17.1 ؎ 6.7 vs 14.6 ؎ 7.1 mm Hg; unadjusted mean ؎ s.d., P ‫؍‬ 0.022). Normo-(BP) have been associated with hypertensive target organ damage in adults, we investigated the diurnal systensive and hypertensive groups did not differ in nocturnal DBP fall or SBP or DBP night-day ratio. Race tolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) patterns of 54 normotensive children, age 13.4 ؎ 3.0 years, and 45 appeared to influence the diurnal BP pattern as black subjects had less nocturnal SBP fall (12.9 ؎ 6.9 vs untreated borderline and mildly hypertensive children, age 14.4 ؎ 2.6 years. Subjects wore the SpaceLabs 17.1 ؎ 6.5 mm Hg; P Ͻ 0.005) and a higher night-day SBP ratio (90.1 ؎ 5.3 vs 86.7 ؎ 4.6%; P Ͻ 0.005) than 90207 ambulatory BP monitor for 24 h. BP was measured q 15 min from 08.00-21.00 h then q 30 min from white subjects.In conclusion, hypertensive children and ado-21.00-08.00 h. Nocturnal BP fall, the night-day ratio and cusum derived measures were calculated from timelescents have a similar diurnal BP pattern as their normotensive counterparts, except that the entire BP proweighted daytime and night-time SBP and DBP. The groups were compared using analysis of covariance file is shifted upward with a greater absolute fall in SBP at night. Race also appears to influence the diurnal BP with adjustment for age, race, gender and body mass index. The influence of age, gender and race on the diurprofile of normotensive and hypertensive children and adolescents. nal BP profile was also examined.Nocturnal SBP fall was greater in hypertensive com-

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…9,10 The diurnal BP patansas. tern was examined individually for each subject in the present study by calculation of nocturnal BP fall, night-day ratio and cusum-derived statistics.…”

Section: Acknowledgementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal blood pressure patterns in normotensive and hypertensive children and adolescents

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(Lyhne, 1998). Estimated urinary sodium excretion was >140 mmol/d (>3.22 g/d) among boys from Belgium (Staessen et al, 1983), Hungary (Knuiman et al, 1988), Netherlands (Geleijnse, Grobbee & Hofman, 1990) and USA , and black boys and girls from Tennessee, USA (Harshfield et al, 1991). Dietary sodium intakes < 2.00 g/d (87 mmol/d) were reported for girls (13-14 years) in Greece (Hassipidou & Fotiadou, 2001), boys (9-11 years) in Poland (Hamulka & Gronowska-Senger, 2000) and boys and girls (< 18 years) in USA (Faust, 1982).…”

Section: Sodium Intakes In Children and Young Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates from several of the studies from the USA suggest that black children consume more sodium than their white peers Watson et al, 1980;Harshfield et al, 1991;Simon et al, 1994). Overall, mean urinary sodium excretion was c. 16 mmol/d (370 mg/d) higher in black than white children.…”

Section: Variation By Sex Age and Ethnic Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dietary salt induce autoimmunity?

Croxford

Waisman

2013

Cell Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sodium intakes of different populations around the world became of interest to the medical research community with the publication of Dahl's famous graph showing a positive straightline relationship of dietary sodium intake to prevalence of hypertension. At that time populations were identified around the world with vastly different sodium intakes (and rates of hypertension) ranging up to about 10.6 g/d sodium (460 mmol/d) in north-east Japan. Dietary survey methods tend to underestimate sodium intakes and timed 24-hour urinary sodium excretion is considered the "gold standard" method to estimate intake (some 85-90% of ingested sodium is excreted through the kidneys). However, there is also some evidence to suggest that spot ( Belgium and Japan where there have been public health campaigns to lower sodium in the community, for the most part mean sodium intakes have not changed much over the past 20 or more years. Sodium intakes tend to be higher in men than women, reflecting their higher food and energy intakes. Data in children and young people suggest higher intakes in boys than girls and at older ages in both sexes, but there are serious methodological difficulties in obtaining reliable and valid dietary data in this age group. For all countries for which recent data are available, dietary sodium intakes are much higher than the physiological need of 10-20 mmol/d (230-460 mg/d). In industrialized countries, about 75% of sodium in the diet comes from manufactured foods and foods eaten away from home. Some children's foods are extremely high in sodium. In Asian countries, high proportions of sodium in the diet come from salt added in cooking and from sauces such as soy and miso (in Japan).Representative samples of around 100 people (200 if men and women are to be considered separately), each providing a single timed 24-hour collection of urine for the estimation of sodium, would be required to monitor sodium intake in the community with a 95% confidence limit about the mean of c. +/-12 mmol/d. Much larger samples might be needed if greater precision is required.3

show abstract

“…Our methods for the collection and determination of 24-hour U Na V, U K V, and creatinine excretion have also been described in detail. 28 - 31 Briefly, the subject was provided with a urine container containing boric acid preservative for urine collection. The samples were analyzed for Na + and K + by the Ion Selective Electrode method on a NOVA Nucleus (NOVA Biomedical).…”

Section: Blood and Urine Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial differences in the age-related increase in left ventricular mass in youths.

et al. 1994

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We determined the factors related to left ventricular mass adjusted for body size in 60 black (mean age, 13±2 years) and 40 white (mean age, 14±2 years) normotensive youths. The factors examined included age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentration, and sodium and potassium intake as determined by 24-hour excretion. Sex (j3=13.3, P<.003), age (/3=2.88,/ > <.001), and systolic blood pressure (/3=0.41,/ > <.02) were independent predictors in the sample as a whole, accounting for 37% of the variance of left ventricular mass adjusted for height. Separate analyses were performed for black and white subjects. In the black subjects, age (/3=4.4, P<.00A) followed by sex (/3=11.85, f<.02) were independent factors, accounting for L eft ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a recognized risk factor for the development of morbid cardiovascular events.1 " 6 Studies in adults have identified several factors related to left ventricular mass (LVM) and LVH, including age, sex, body size, blood pressure (BP), electrolytes, plasma renin activity (PRA), and exercise capacity. -15 Furthermore, studies in adults have found that the black relative to the white population is characterized by a greater LVM and a greater prevalence of LVH. 1619 It has been hypothesized that this difference contributes to the greater cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among the black population. 2021In contrast, studies in pediatric populations 22 " 24 and young adults 25 have not observed racial differences in LVM. The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to LVM in healthy, normotensive black and white youths. Methods Subject CharacteristicsThe protocol was approved by the Institutional Committee on Human Research and the Clinical Research Center Scientific Advisory Board. Written informed parental consent was obtained before testing. The study population consisted of 100 healthy, normotensive subjects. The subjects, part of a larger study examining cardiovascular risk factors in youth, were recruited through local advertising. Race was determined by self-report. The factors examined included age, sex, systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), PRA, plasma aldosterone concenReceived March 17,1994; accepted in revised form September 8, 1994.From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee, and LeBonheur Children's Medical Center, Memphis, Tenn.Reprint requests to Gregory A. Harshfield, PhD, University of Tennessee, Memphis, 330 Lamar Alaxandar Bldg, Memphis, TN 38163.© 1994 American Heart Association, Inc.43% of the variance of left ventricular mass adjusted for height. In contrast, in white subjects systolic blood pressure (/3=0.4, P<.003) followed by sodium excretion O=0.13, P<.05) were independent factors, with gender (/3=8.89, P<.07) tending to account for 36% of the variance. Similar results were observed for left ventricular mass adjusted for body surface area. In conclusion, the age-related increase in adjusted left ventricular mass in black but...

show abstract

Sodium excretion and racial differences in ambulatory blood pressure patterns.

Cited by 64 publications

References 37 publications

Diurnal blood pressure patterns in normotensive and hypertensive children and adolescents

Diurnal blood pressure patterns in normotensive and hypertensive children and adolescents

Does dietary salt induce autoimmunity?

Racial differences in the age-related increase in left ventricular mass in youths.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About