Sodium Nickel Chloride Battery Performance in a Stationary Application

Gaillac, Loic; Skaggs, Darcy; Pinsky, Naum

doi:10.1109/intlec.2006.251590

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…MES-DEA of Switzerland (now FZ Sonick SA; http://www.cebi.com/cebi) currently produces batteries for mobile applications (e.g., electric buses) with a production capacity of 90 MWh annually. Additionally, systems for vehicle-to-grid (V2G), telecom, and distributed energy generation coupled with renewable sources applications are planned (53,45). Recently, GE (http://www.geenergystorage.com) announced plans to build an improved sodium metal chloride Durathon TM battery plant with the capability of generating 900 MWh of energy per year to serve mainly UPS, telecom, utility, and heavy-duty transportation applications.…”

Section: Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Technologies for Large-Scale Stationary Energy Storage

Soloveichik

2011

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

386

206

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In recent years, with the deployment of renewable energy sources, advances in electrified transportation, and development in smart grids, the markets for large-scale stationary energy storage have grown rapidly. Electrochemical energy storage methods are strong candidate solutions due to their high energy density, flexibility, and scalability. This review provides an overview of mature and emerging technologies for secondary and redox flow batteries. New developments in the chemistry of secondary and flow batteries as well as regenerative fuel cells are also considered. Advantages and disadvantages of current and prospective electrochemical energy storage options are discussed. The most promising technologies in the short term are high-temperature sodium batteries with β″-alumina electrolyte, lithium-ion batteries, and flow batteries. Regenerative fuel cells and lithium metal batteries with high energy density require further research to become practical.

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Section: Emerging Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Technologies for Large-Scale Stationary Energy Storage

Soloveichik

2011

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

386

206

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“…A stationary application in South California demonstrates that ZEBRA battery performances are independent of ambient temperature, self-discharge is negligible, and the heater consumption for the internal temperature regulation is low and slightly influenced by external conditions [45]. Finally, marine, submarine, and train applications are under study.…”

Section: Nanicl 2 Battery Pros For Residential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a Simplified Thermal-Electric Model of a Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery Energy Storage System to a Real Case Residential Prosumer

Bignucolo

Coppo

Crugnola³

et al. 2017

Energies

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Abstract:Recently, power system customers have changed the way they interact with public networks, playing a more and more active role. End-users first installed local small-size generating units, and now they are being equipped with storage devices to increase the self-consumption rate. By suitably managing local resources, the provision of ancillary services and aggregations among several end-users are expected evolutions in the near future. In the upcoming market of household-sized storage devices, sodium-nickel chloride technology seems to be an interesting alternative to lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. To accurately investigate the operation of the NaNiCl 2 battery system at the residential level, a suitable thermoelectric model has been developed by the authors, starting from the results of laboratory tests. The behavior of the battery internal temperature has been characterized. Then, the designed model has been used to evaluate the economic profitability in installing a storage system in the case that end-users are already equipped with a photovoltaic unit. To obtain realistic results, real field measurements of customer consumption and solar radiation have been considered. A concrete interest in adopting the sodium-nickel chloride technology at the residential level is confirmed, taking into account the achievable benefits in terms of economic income, back-up supply, and increased indifference to the evolution of the electricity market.

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“…Fiamm selected Sodium Nickel Chloride battery technology [1,2,3] as an effective solution to achieve the power density target and over the last few years has developed a range of batteries aiming to optimize the following requirements:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%