Soft Electrodes for Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Monitoring of Beating Cardiomyocytes

Abstract

Many cells in vivo have their inherent motions, which involve numerous biochemical and biophysical signals synergistically regulating cell behavior and function. However, existing methods offer little information about the concurrently chemical and physical responses of dynamically pulsing cells. Here, we report a soft electrode with an electrospun poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)‐based nanomesh to fully comply with spontaneous motions of cells. Moreover, this electrode demonstrated excellent electrical conductivity, electrochemical performance and cellular biocompatibility. Cardiomyocytes cultured thereon exhibited autonomous and rhythmic contractility, and synchronously induced mechanical deformation of the underlying electrode, which allowed real‐time monitoring of nitric oxide release and electrophysiological activity of cardiomyocytes. This work provides a promising way toward recording chemical and electrical signals of biological systems with their natural motions.

Fabrication of Channeled and Three-Dimensional Electrodes for the Integrated Capture and Detection of Invasive Circulating Tumor Cells during Hematogenous Metastasis

“…To facilitate electrochemical detection, conductive material PEDOT was also modified on the fabricated electrode. Because of the excellent electrochemical performance of PEDOT, , the modified channels effectively transmit electron signals.…”

Single-Atom Indium Boosts Electrochemical Dopamine Sensing

“…Previously, many techniques such as colorimetry, , fluorescence, , electrochemistry, , and electrochemiluminescence , have been utilized for sensitive and selective detection of DA. Among them, electrochemical sensors with the advantages of low cost, high sensitivity, and rapid response have attracted great attention in recent years. − Electrocatalysts including graphene, noble metals, and metal oxides have been devoted to achieving the detection of trace targets . The sensitivity of the electrochemical sensors is highly dependent on the catalytic performance of electrocatalysts.…”

Nanocomposite conductive hydrogels with Robust elasticity and multifunctional responsiveness for flexible sensing and wound monitoring

“…, inorganic silicon, 20 graphene, 21 carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 22 and MXene 23 ) or conductive polymers ( e.g. , polypyrrole, 24 polyaniline, 25 and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate 26 ) into elastic substrates could maintain conductive stability by transmitting electrical signals through electrons and holes. 27 It is well known that CNTs feature large aspect ratio, remarkable photothermal behavior, and electrical properties, and thus the incorporation of CNTs with a hydrogel matrix should afford the formation of conductive hydrogels with high performances.…”

“…17 However, the long-term stability of ion-based conductive hydrogels (ionic skins (I-skins)) is restricted by the diffusion of conducting ions for practical applications. 18,19 As an alternative approach, electronic skins (E-skins) obtained by doping conductive inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., inorganic silicon, 20 graphene, 21 carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 22 and MXene 23 ) or conductive polymers (e.g., polypyrrole, 24 polyaniline, 25 and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate 26 ) into elastic substrates could maintain conductive stability by transmitting electrical signals through electrons and holes. 27 It is well known that CNTs feature large aspect ratio, remarkable photothermal behavior, and electrical properties, and thus the incorporation of CNTs with a hydrogel matrix should afford the formation of conductive hydrogels with high performances.…”