Soil and water conservation in semi-arid Tanzania: government policy and farmers' practices.

Hatibu, N.; Lazaro, Evelyne; Mahoo, H. F.; Rwehumbiza, F. B. R.

doi:10.1079/9780851995847.0205

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…resources to bridge periods of scarcity. A key reason for this mismatch might be the lack of policies governing water management in rainfed agriculture (Hatibu et al, 1999…”

Section: Large Untapped Potential-exploiting the Yield Gap And Apparementioning

confidence: 99%

Managing water in rainfed agriculture—The need for a paradigm shift

Rockström

Karlberg

Wani

et al. 2010

Agricultural Water Management

555

320

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Rainfed agriculture plays and will continue to play a dominant role in providing food and livelihoods for an increasing world population. We describe the world's semi-arid and dry sub-humid savannah and steppe regions as global hotspots, in terms of water related constraints to food production, high prevalence of malnourishment and poverty, and rapidly increasing food demands. We argue that major water investments in agriculture are required. In these regions yield gaps are large, not due to lack of water per se, but rather due to inefficient management of water, soils, and crops. An assessment of management options indicates that knowledge exists regarding technologies, management systems, and planning methods. A key strategy is to minimise risk for dry spell induced crop failures, which requires an emphasis on water harvesting systems for supplemental irrigation. Large-scale adoption of water harvesting systems will require a paradigm shift in Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), in which rainfall is regarded as the entry point for the governance of freshwater, thus incorporating green water resources (sustaining rainfed agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems) and blue water resources (local runoff). The divide between rainfed and irrigated agriculture needs to be reconsidered in favor of a governance, investment, and management paradigm, which considers all water options in agricultural systems. A new focus is needed on the meso-catchment scale, as opposed to the current focus of IWRM on the basin level and the primary focus of agricultural improvements on the farmer's field. We argue that the catchment scale offers the best opportunities for water investments to build resilience in smallscale agricultural systems and to address trade-offs between water for food and other ecosystem functions and services.

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“…resources to bridge periods of scarcity. A key reason for this mismatch might be the lack of policies governing water management in rainfed agriculture (Hatibu et al, 1999…”

Section: Large Untapped Potential-exploiting the Yield Gap And Apparementioning

confidence: 99%

Managing water in rainfed agriculture—The need for a paradigm shift

Rockström

Karlberg

Wani

et al. 2010

Agricultural Water Management

555

320

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is evidence to suggest that Tanzania is among the countries in Africa which is most at risk of being impacted by climate change (Hatibu et al 1999). Further, it is anticipated that the farming sector will experience more impacts resulting in decreased production of different crops due to decreased water availability and the shift of growing seasons (Kangalawe and Lyimo 2013;Laderach and Eitzinger 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of future climate and land use/cover change on water resources in the Ndembera watershed and their mitigation and adaptation strategies

Hyandye

Worqul²,

Martz

et al. 2018

Environ Syst Res

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Background: Land use/cover and climate changes have a great influence on the hydrological processes in the watershed. The impacts of land use/cover and climate change are set to increase in the future due to the increased clearance of virgin forest lands for agriculture and the rise of global warming. The way in which the future climate will interact with the land use changes and affect the water balance in the watersheds requires more attention. This study was carried out in the Ndembera river watershed in Usangu basin, Tanzania, whereby the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to (i) assess the impact of near future (2010-2039) climate and 2013-2020 land use/cover change on the water balance and streamflow and (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of four land and water management practices as the mitigation and adaptation strategies for the impacts of climate and land use/cover changes. The 2020 land use/cover was predicted using Markov Chain and Cellular Automata models based on 2006 and 2013 land use/covers. The near-future climate scenario was generated from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 General Circulation Models. Results: During the period from 2013 to 2020, the agricultural land and evergreen forests will increase by nearly 10 and 7%, respectively. Mixed forests will decrease by 12%. Such land use/cover changes will decrease the total water yield by nearly 13% while increasing evapotranspiration and surface runoff by approximately 8 and 18%, respectively. This moisture balance changes will be aggravated by warmer near-future mean annual temperatures (1.1 °C) and wetter conditions (3.4 mm/year) than in the baseline period (1980-2009). The warmer future climate will increase evapotranspiration and decrease water yield by approximately 35 and 8%, respectively. The management practices such as filter strips can reduce the annual evapotranspiration by 6%, and increase stream-flow by 38% in February. Conclusion: The future land use/cover changes will interact with the near-future warmer temperatures and reduce water availability in the Ndembera watershed. Land and water management practices have great potential to mitigate the impacts of future climate and land use/cover changes on water resource, thus increasing its availability.

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“…It is importance to examine the socio‐cultural context responsible for women and female children subordination before engaging into and actually understand the gendered effects of drought. Foremost, in most semi‐arid areas of Tanzania, Central Tanzania being one of them, customary land use rights are the dominant land tenure system (Hatibu et al , 1997). Although there a few scholars (Okoth‐Ogendo, 2000) who argue that customary land tenure allows incorporation of a range of internal and external pressures such as technology, population growth and new economic opportunities, women in Central Tanzania are customarily denied the right to own land (Hatibu et al , 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During that time he also conducted gendered observations and interviews in Dodoma; 12 key informants (six females and six males), identified from his prior study, were interviewed. As the author started to prepare an article for publication, he reviewed data from other case studies (Allessandro, 1997; Hatibu et al , 1997, 2000; Tiluhongelwa, 2002; Hella et al , 2003; Kusiluka et al , 2004; Eriksen et al , 2005; Morris et al , 2000; Liwenga, 2008; Slegers, 2008; Nelson and Stathers, 2009) conducted in the region for comparison purpose only. This was juxtaposed with in‐depth literature review, using data bases offered by UB library such as gender watch, academic search complete and JSTOR.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparate coping strategies for gendered effects of drought

Madaha

2012

International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to facilitate an understanding of influence of gender roles in drought so as to come with relevant recommendation aimed at bettering the lives of men, women and female children.Design/methodology/approachData have been collected via participant observation, interviews and collection of unpublished primary and secondary data generated by case studies conducted by the author. After which, content analysis was employed for its potentiality as a means of systematically identifying, classifying and analyzing information relevant to this study.FindingsIt is argued in this study that the survival of the community, in Central Tanzania, is questionable because effects of drought have reached intolerable levels and strategies adopted aren't that helpful. More specifically, socially assigned gender roles, position women and female children at the most disadvantageous position as the main victims of the disaster. Accordingly, gender roles have to be changed, if the effects of drought have to be mitigated and the community rescued from disappearance.Originality/valueThe research is original as data obtained cannot be easily accessed by short term researchers who have inadequate knowledge of the community and cannot observe season changes. Practitioner, social scientists and natural scientists, engineers and contractors included, can have their confidence in the findings: the findings are ready to be used.

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Soil and water conservation in semi-arid Tanzania: government policy and farmers' practices.

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Managing water in rainfed agriculture—The need for a paradigm shift

Managing water in rainfed agriculture—The need for a paradigm shift

The impact of future climate and land use/cover change on water resources in the Ndembera watershed and their mitigation and adaptation strategies

Disparate coping strategies for gendered effects of drought

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