Soil Inorganic Nitrogen

Harmsen, G. W.; Kolenbrander, G.J.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr10.c2

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…Like total C, dry combustion is commonly used to estimate the amount of total N in a soil (Nelson & Sommers, 1996). Total N is predominantly organic N, and microbial mineralization of this N is crucial for providing inorganic N (NO 3 − -N and NH 4 + -N), the predominant form of N available for plant uptake (Harmsen & Kolenbrander, 1965). Quantifying N mineralization in a soil using an anaerobic incubation method (Bundy & Meisinger, 1994) can estimate the capacity of a soil to supply N to plants.…”

Section: Measures Of Soil Biological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the North American project to evaluate soil health measurements

Norris¹,

Bean²,

Cappellazzi³

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

132

109

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The North American Project to Evaluate Soil Health Measurements was initiated with the objective to identify widely applicable soil health measurements for evaluation of agricultural management practices intended to improve soil health. More than 20 indicators were chosen for assessment across 120 long‐term agricultural research sites spanning from north‐central Canada to southern Mexico. The indicators being evaluated include common standard measures of soil, but also newer techniques of visible and near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy, a smart phone app, and metagenomics. The aim of using consistent sampling and analytical protocols across selected sites was to provide a database of soil health indicator results that can be used to better understand how land use and management has affected the condition of soil ecosystem provisioning for agricultural biomass production and water resources, as well as nutrient and C cycling. The objective of this paper is to provide documentation of the overall design, and methods being employed to identify soil health indicators sensitive across agricultural management practices, pedologies, and geographies.

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Section: Measures Of Soil Biological Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the North American project to evaluate soil health measurements

Norris¹,

Bean²,

Cappellazzi³

et al. 2020

Agronomy Journal

132

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The classification of the subgroups for the quantity of residues was based on Hu et al [19], who used the same ranking in their meta-analysis, which focused on the retention of residues as the main treatment. The categorization of the subgroup C/N ratio was based on Harmsen and Kolenbrander [38], and Seneviratne [39], who assumed N-mineralization at a C/N of less than 20-25 and 27, respectively, and N-immobilization from a C/N above. For simplicity, a value of <25 was chosen as the lowest category, and the other categories were increased by this value by a factor of two, three and four up to a C/N of ≥100.…”

Section: Performing Meta-analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Crop Residue Removal to Reduce N2O Emissions Driven by Quality or Quantity? A Field Study and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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In order to quantify the reduction potential for nitrous oxide (N2O) release from arable soils through the removal of crop residues, we conducted an experiment after sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) harvest with three treatments: (i) ploughing of the crop residues (+CR:D), (ii) returning residues after ploughing on the surface (+CR:S), and (iii) removal of the residues and ploughing (−CR). N2O fluxes were measured over 120 days in south Germany. High positive correlations between N2O fluxes and the CO2 fluxes and soil nitrate contents suggested denitrification as the main N2O source. N2O emissions in +CR:D was higher than in +CR:S (2.39 versus 0.93 kg N2O−N ha−1 120 d−1 in +CR:D and +CR:S). Residue removal in −CR reduced the N2O emission compared to +CR:D by 95% and to +CR:S by 87%. We further conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of crop residue removal on N2O emissions, where we included 176 datasets from arable soils with mainly rain fed crops. The overall effect of residue removal showed a N2O reduction of 11%. The highest N2O reduction of 76% was calculated for the removal subgroup with C/N-ratio < 25. Neither the remaining C/N-ratio subgroups nor the grouping variables “tillage” or “residue quantity” differed within their subgroup.

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“…Therefore, there is increased interest in soil sampling during the growing season to determine mineral N still available from prior basal fertilizer application(s). Estimation of N availability is particularly difficult because of its mobility in the soil in the nitrate (NO 3 − ) form (Harmsen and Kolenbrander 1965). The distribution of NO 3 − concentration (NO 3 − ppm) with time, depth, and distance from the fertilizer band is complex (Zebarth et al 1999), further adding to the difficulty of identifying accurate soil sampling strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-Evaluation of Soil Nitrogen Sampling Strategy Effects on Statistical Power

Mueller

Pasley

Pico

et al. 2018

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Soil sampling may be used as a decision-making tool for late-vegetative stage nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications in corn (Zea mays L.). Recommended sampling strategies following banded fertilizer applications commonly suggest taking cores from both on the fertilizer band (B) and off the band (O-B), however we hypothesized that soil nitrate concentrations (NO 3 − ppm) in the O-B were not influenced by N application rate. Analyzing samples from six experiments, we found there was a strong relationship between NO 3 − ppm and applied N rate in the B, but not the O-B position. Power analysis revealed that finding significant differences in applied N rates was only likely when sampling on the B and the difference in N rate was greater than 110 kg N ha −1 . This demonstrates that soil N sampling is not sensitive to small differences in applied N, and that O-B soil cores may only dilute the ability to detect these differences.Abbreviations: B, on N fertilizer band; O-B, halfway between the corn row and the N fertilizer band; NO 3 − ppm, log-transformed nitrate-N concentration (ppm); NH 4 + ppm; ammonium-N concentration (ppm); D1, 0-30 cm depth; D2, 30-60 cm depth; C-220, contrast of N rates differing by 220 kg N ha −1 ; C-110, contrast of N rates differing by 110 kg N ha −1 ; C-55H, contrast of N rates differing by 55 kg N ha −1 at high N rates; C-55L, contrast of N rates differing by 55 kg N ha −1 at low N rates; A:N, ratio of non-transformed ammonium-N to nitrate-N concentrations; 0N, unfertilized treatment; CV, coefficient of variation; SE, standard error.

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Soil Inorganic Nitrogen

Cited by 34 publications

References 217 publications

Introducing the North American project to evaluate soil health measurements

Introducing the North American project to evaluate soil health measurements

Is Crop Residue Removal to Reduce N2O Emissions Driven by Quality or Quantity? A Field Study and Meta-Analysis

Re-Evaluation of Soil Nitrogen Sampling Strategy Effects on Statistical Power

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