Soil nitrous oxide emissions in long-term cover crops-based rotations under subtropical climate

Gomes, Juliana; Bayer, Cimélio; Costa, F. de S.; Píccolo, Marisa de Cássia; Zanatta, Josiléia Acordi; Vieira, Frederico Costa Beber; Six, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.still.2009.10.001

Cited by 135 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…When no additional N is applied (zero N application rate), legumes exhibited higher LRRs than nonlegume species. This is consistent with the results of Gomes et al (2009) who found that legume cover crop residues, which have C:N ratios less than 25, stimulated N mineralization rates in maize (Zea mays L.) systems with no additional N applications. Because a significant quantity of mineralized N is subsequently nitrified, this may enhance NO 3 substrate for N 2 O production.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Do cover crops increase or decrease nitrous oxide emissions? A meta-analysis

Basche¹,

Miguez²,

Kaspar³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

313

227

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There are many environmental benefits to incorporating cover crops into crop rotations, such as their potential to decrease soil erosion, reduce nitrate (NO 3 ) leaching, and increase soil organic matter. Some of these benefits impact other agroecosystem processes, such as greenhouse gas emissions. In particular, there is not a consensus in the literature regarding the effect of cover crops on nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions. Compared to site-specific studies, meta-analysis can provide a more general investigation into these effects. Twenty-six peer-reviewed articles including 106 observations of cover crop effects on N 2 O emissions from the soil surface were analyzed according to their response ratio, the natural log of the N 2 O flux with a cover crop divided by the N 2 O flux without a cover crop (LRR). Forty percent of the observations had negative LRRs, indicating a cover crop treatment which decreased N 2 O, while 60% had positive LRRs indicating a cover crop treatment which increased N 2 O. There was a significant interaction between N rate and the type of cover crop where legumes had higher LRRs at lower N rates than nonlegume species. When cover crop residues were incorporated into the soil, LRRs were significantly higher than those where residue was not incorporated. Geographies with higher total precipitation and variability in precipitation tended to produce higher LRRs. Finally, data points measured during cover crop decomposition had large positive LRRs and were larger than those measured when the cover crop was alive. In contrast, those data points measuring for a full year had LRRs close to zero, indicating that there was a balance between periods when cover crops increased N 2 O and periods when cover crops decreased emissions. Therefore, N 2 O measurements over the entire year may be needed to determine the net effect of cover crops on N 2 O. The data included in this meta-analysis indicate some overarching crop management practices that reduce direct N 2 O emissions from the soil surface, such as no soil incorporation of residues and use of nonlegume cover crop species. However, our results demonstrate that cover crops do not always reduce direct N 2 O emissions from the soil surface in the short term and that more work is needed to understand the full global warming potential of cover crop management. Key words: cover crops-global warming potential-meta-analysis-nitrous oxideAgricultural soils account for 69% of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in the United States (USEPA 2013). This occurs because nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for agricultural production; N is added to soil as N fertilizer and manure, released from soil organic matter, and has high reactivity and mobility in terrestrial ecosystems (Robertson and Vitousek 2009). Fertilizer N recovery efficiency for major cereal production is less than 50% and even as low as 20% (Cassman et al. 2002), which potentially makes large quantities of N available for the biological processes that release N 2 O. Nitrous oxide, which ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Do cover crops increase or decrease nitrous oxide emissions? A meta-analysis

Basche¹,

Miguez²,

Kaspar³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

313

227

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“…Nas áreas sob plantio direto, o maior conteúdo de água no solo (Baggs et al, 2006), a maior temperatura devida à retenção de calor da própria palha (Liu et al, 2011), o aumento do conteúdo de C orgânico disponível no solo (Brentrup et al, 2000) e a qualidade bioquímica dos resíduos (Gomes et al, 2009) estimulam a produção de N 2 O. A maior quantidade de C disponível, por estimular o crescimento e a atividade microbiana e também por fornecer carbono orgânico aos microrganismos desnitrificadores (Cameron et al, 2013), influencia reações de nitrificação e desnitrificação (Bremner, 1997), os principais processos responsáveis pela produção de N 2 O no solo.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Emissões de gases de efeito estufa pela deposição de palha de cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo

2014

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ResumoBiocombustíveis contribuem para reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE). No Brasil, o principal biocombustível é o etanol de cana-de-açúcar. Além dos colmos, as folhas de cana-de-açúcar também podem ser usadas para produzir etanol. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as emissões de GEE (CO 2 , CH 4 e N 2 O) induzidas pela presença de palha sobre o solo. Três experimentos foram conduzidos em Latossolos, em Piracicaba: imediatamente após a colheita, aos seis e aos 12 meses após a colheita. Foram avaliados os efeitos de três doses de palha (0%, 50% e 100% da quantidade disponível na superfície) sobre as emissões. Imediatamente após a colheita, as emissões de CO 2 e CH 4 aumentaram com o aumento da quantidade de palha. Aos seis meses após a colheita houve consumo de CH 4 à medida que a quantidade de palha aumentou. Doze meses após a colheita, as emissões dos três gases foram similares, independentemente da quantidade de palha. Remover a palha de cana-de-açúcar não aumenta as emissões de GEE do solo em comparação ao manejo sem retirada da palha da superfície. Contudo, estudos adicionais são necessários para investigar os efeitos sobre a produtividade de cana-de-açúcar, sobre a erosão e sobre outros atributos do solo.Palavras-chave: dióxido de carbono, metano, óxido nitroso, etanol de segunda geração, resíduo vegetal. Greenhouse gases emissions due to sugarcane trash on the soil AbstractBiofuels are important to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions to atmosphere. In Brazil, the main biofuel is ethanol from sugarcane. Beyond stalk, sugarcane sheets are also stating to be used to produce second generation ethanol. The objective of this work was evaluate soil GHGs (CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O) emissions induced by sugarcane trash on soil surface. Three experiments were done in an Oxisol, in Piracicaba region, taking in account three periods: immediately after sugarcane harvest, six and twelve months after harvest. In each experiment, we evaluated the effects of three sugarcane trash rates (0%, 50% and 100% of the quantity available at soil surface). Immediately after harvest, CO 2 and CH 4 emissions increased linearly with trash rate on soil surface. Six months after harvest there were CH 4 consumption by soil as trash on surface increased. Twelve months after harvest, emissions of the three gases were similar in all trash rates. Removing sugarcane straw from soil surface do not increase soil GHGs emissions as compared to the current management, in which 100% of trash is maintained on the soil surface. However, other studies are needed to investigate its effects under sugarcane yield, soil erosion and under other soil attributes.

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“…However, the C content in the mulch and microbial activity, favoured by the Congo signal grass, induced a higher emission of N 2 O-N in treatments with mulching, regardless of N fertilization. The presence of mulch has been considered important for high N 2 O-N emissions in no tillage systems (Gomes et al, 2009). Baggs et al (2003) reported that surface-mulching residues of rye resulted in higher N 2 O-N losses than with the incorporation of residues.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fluxes from irrigated common‑bean as affected by mulching and mineral fertilization

Carvalho

Madari

Leal

et al. 2013

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Index terms: Cerrado, climate change, greenhouse gas, N fertilization, nitrous oxide, no-tillage. Fluxos de nitrogênio em feijoeiro irrigado influenciados pela cobertura morta e a fertilização mineralResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir os fluxos de N 2 O-N e NH 3 -N, ao longo de uma safra de feijoeiro irrigado (Phaseolus vulgaris), influenciados pelo uso ou não de cobertura morta e fertilização mineral. Termos para indexação: Cerrado, mudanças climáticas, gas de efeito estufa, óxido nitroso, plantio direto.

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Soil nitrous oxide emissions in long-term cover crops-based rotations under subtropical climate

Cited by 135 publications

References 44 publications

Do cover crops increase or decrease nitrous oxide emissions? A meta-analysis

Do cover crops increase or decrease nitrous oxide emissions? A meta-analysis

Emissões de gases de efeito estufa pela deposição de palha de cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo

Nitrogen fluxes from irrigated common‑bean as affected by mulching and mineral fertilization

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