Solanum nigrum confers protection against CCl4-induced experimental hepatotoxicity by increasing hepatic protein synthesis and regulation of energy metabolism

Abstract

Background: Hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) is used as an experimental model to screen phytochemicals with liver protecting activity. Solanum nigrum (SN) is a shrub which is widely distributed throughout India. Traditionally the plant has been used for curing various ailments related to gastroenterology and hepatology. The present study was performed to evaluate the hepatoprotective property of S. nigrum extract standardized for its flavonoid content against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods: The liver protecting property of SN was evaluated by means of various biochemical parameters and histopathologically. S. nigrum was administered to Swiss strain female albino mice with either 100/ 200/ 300 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days along with CCl 4 which is a well established model to induce hepatotoxicity. Results: Administration of CCl 4 for 30 days caused a significant increase in liver marker enzymes and a decrease in hepatic DNA, RNA and protein levels which was effectively mitigated by treatment with the plant extract in a dose dependent manner. Similarly co-treatment of the extract along with the hepatotoxin improved hepatic energy status by increasing the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Histopathological findings indicated severe vacuolization and necrotic changes after CCl 4 treatment which was mitigated by the co-administration of SN extract in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: Carbon tetracholoride is known to exert hepatotoxicty by forming adducts with tissue macromolecules through covalent interactions. S. nigrum extract was found to effectively mitigate CCl 4-induced changes in hepatic macromolecular content and energy status of liver tissue. The present study has identified the standardized S. nigrum as an effective hepatoprotective agent probably due to its role in improving the protein and energy levels in the hepatic tissue.

Polyherbal Medicine Divya Sarva-Kalp-Kwath Ameliorates Persistent Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Biochemical and Pathological Liver Impairments in Wistar Rats and in HepG2 Cells

“…Finally, the presence of three herbal components also produced a possible synergistic effect in ameliorating CCl 4 induced hepatic injury that needs to be explored further. The dose of individual plant extract applied at the highest tested dose of SKK (200 mg/kg) was relatively low as compared to several other published studies using individual plant extracts of B. diffusa L. , P. niruri L., and S. nigrum L. for hepatoprotection in CCl 4 stimulated murine models (Chandan et al, 1991;Manjrekar et al, 2008;Beedimani and Jeevangi, 2017;Krithika and Verma, 2019).…”

Amelioration of oxidative stress by trans-Anethole via modulating phase I and phase II enzymes against hepatic damage induced by CCl4 in male Wistar rats

“…CCl 4 is a well-known hepatotoxin that results in marked degeneration of centrilobular fat and liver damage induced by extensively utilized as an experimental model for the evaluation of potent hepatoprotective agents (39). The ndings revealed that the levels of liver serum transaminases i.e.…”

Traditional Uses, Nutritional and Pharmacological Potentials of Clerodendrum volubile

“…From the literature, in vitro and in vivo models have been exploited to investigate the protective role of some crude extracts or isolated compounds against the toxic effect of some toxins on the liver cells [ 96 , 97 ]. For example, the protection against liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) has been extensively studied [ 98 ]. The study carried out by Molehin et al [ 16 ] reported the hepatoprotective role of methanolic extract of C. volubile leaves against oxidative stress and liver toxicity induced by CCl 4 in rats.…”